Ukwazi eminye yale mikhuba ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe kuzokusiza ukuthi uvumelane kangcono nabanye abantu, ugweme amaphutha , futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, ujabulele kakhulu isipiliyoni.
Kule migqa elandelayo uzothola amasiko amathathu abalulekile aseVietnam azokumangaza njengesivakashi.
Amasiko aseVietnam: Ukugcina isikhathi, ithoni yezwi, ukuxhumana nabantu, nokuningi
Ezimweni ezithile ezisemthethweni, njengemihlangano yebhizinisi noma ama-aphoyintimenti abalulekile, abantu baseVietnam bayakwazisa kakhulu ukufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuhlonipha amashejuli . Ukufika sekwephuzile emhlanganweni osemthethweni, ukuvakasha okuhleliwe, noma umcimbi wenkolo kuyacasulwa, futhi izivakashi kulindeleke ukuthi zithathe isikhathi esivunyelwene ngaso ngokungathi sína.
Kodwa-ke, empilweni yansuku zonke engahlelekile, izinto ziyashintsha, futhi kuvela uhlobo "lokugcina isikhathi okukhululekile," njengesitayela sesiLatini . Ngekhofi nabangani, isidlo somndeni, noma ukuphuma, ukubambezeleka akukubi kakhulu futhi kuyamukelwa ngokwemvelo. Kuyingxube exakile: ukuqina kulokho okubalulekile, ukuguquguquka uma kukhulunywa ngempilo yomphakathi.
EVietnam, ukuphakamisa izwi lakho ngaphandle kwesizathu kubhekwa njengokudelela ngisho nobudlova . Izingxoxo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi nabantu ongabazi noma abangane, zivame ukuqhutshwa ngezwi elithambile nelizolile, ngaphandle kwezenzo ezidlulele. Ukumemeza, ukuphikisana kakhulu, noma ukubonisa intukuthelo esidlangalaleni kuyaphikiswa futhi kuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kokuzithiba.
Lokhu kuhambisana nomqondo ojulile: ukugcina ukuvumelana komphakathi phezu kwengxabano eqondile . Yingakho, ngisho nasezingxabanweni noma ezingxoxweni ezishubile, abantu bavame ukumomotheka, bakhulume ngokuthula, futhi bazame ukugwema ukungezwani okuvulekile. Kumuntu ovakashile waseNtshonalanga, kungase kubonakale kungavamile ukubona othile ephendula ngokumomotheka ngesikhathi sempikiswano, kodwa lokho kumomotheka kuvame ukubonisa inhlonipho, isineke, noma ukwamukela, hhayi ukugcona.
Ngemva nje kokuhlangana nothile, kuvamile kakhulu ukuthi abuze ngomndeni wakho, isimo sakho somshado, ukuthi unabantwana, noma ukuthi umama wakho unjani . Ngokombono waseNtshonalanga, lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyisicefe, kodwa eVietnam, kuthathwa njengokukhathalela kwangempela kanye nophawu lokusondelana. Kuyindlela yabo yokubonisa ukuthi bayakukhathalela.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamagama ajwayelekile ukubiza abanye nakho kuvame kakhulu: “anh” (umfowethu omdala), “chị” (udadewethu omdala), “bác” (umalume) , namanye amaningi. La magama ayashintsha ngokuya ngeminyaka kanye nesikhundla esihlobene, okuqinisa umqondo wokuthi wonke umphakathi ungumndeni owodwa omkhulu lapho wonke umuntu enendawo ethile ebuholini.
Ukubingelela eVietnam kuhlanganisa ithonya lendabuko namasiko esimanje , futhi kulula ukuzifaka uma ungazi ukuthi ungababiza kanjani abesilisa nabesifazane noma abantu bezikhundla ezahlukene.
Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezimweni ezingahlelekile, ukubingelelana okuvame kakhulu ukuxhawulana ngendlela yaseNtshonalanga , ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamadoda. Ngokuvamile kuhambisana nokumomotheka kanye nombuzo onjengokuthi "Unjani?" Isenzo sokuthinta umphetho wesigqoko noma isigqoko nakho kuyisibonakaliso senhlonipho, esisabonakala kubantu abadala.
Ezimweni eziningi zemikhosi, njengezindawo zasemakhaya noma izindawo zenkolo, umuntu usengabona ukukhothama okuncane ngezandla zibambene esifubeni , okufana namanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Akuvamile njengaseThailand, kodwa kuyaqhubeka ezimweni zenhlonipho ekhethekile.
Abesifazane, ikakhulukazi labo abavela ezindaweni zasemakhaya noma asebekhulile, bavame ukugwema ukuthintana ngqo ngokomzimba . Uma ungabaza, kungcono ukungamniki isandla sakho kuqala bese ulinda ukuthi aqale ibanga: ukumamatheka nokukhothama kancane kwanele njengesibingelelo esifanele.
Ngokuphathelene nezethulo, abantu abaningi baseVietnam bakhetha ukwethulwa ngumuntu wesithathu , kunokuba bazethule ngqo njengoba kwenza abantu baseNtshonalanga. Isizotha kanye namahloni athile kuyingxenye yekhodi yezenhlalo, futhi ukufika nokusho igama lakho nokuthi ungubani ngaphandle kwesingeniso kungabonakala njengokuhamba phambili kancane.
Amagama aseVietnam ngokuvamile alandela ukulandelana kwesibongo – igama eliphakathi – igama elinikeziwe , okuphambene namagama emazweni aseHispanic. Isibonelo, lokho esingakubiza ngokuthi “uJuan Pablo García” ngefomethi yaseVietnam kungaba “uGarcía Pablo Juan”.
Ekusebenzelaneni kwansuku zonke, izibongo azivamile ukusetshenziswa zodwa. Kuyinhlonipho ukusebenzisa isiqu (Mnu., Nkk., Nkosazana) noma isibizo saseVietnam esilingana naso silandelwe yigama elinikeziwe. Uma igama lomuntu linguHau Dinh Cam, uHau kungaba yisibongo, futhi indlela efanele yokumbiza kungaba "uNkosazana Cam" noma isiqu sendawo esifanele, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona abanye abantu.
Ukweqa izihloko nokusebenzisa igama ngokuqondile kufaneleka kuphela ezimweni ezingahlelekile noma lapho omunye umuntu ekucela ngokusobala ukuthi wenze kanjalo . Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungazwakala kujwayelekile kakhulu noma kuqhosha, njengokungathi awuqapheli ibanga noma ubudala.
Esimweni sobungcweti noma nezikhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubiza abantu ngeziqu zabo: udokotela, uLieutenant, iphini, uprofesa, njll. Le ndlela yokukhuluma iqinisa inhlonipho ngezikhundla, okuyinani elibalulekile emasikweni aseVietnam, elithonywe kakhulu ubuConfucian.
Enye yezinto ezidida kakhulu izivakashi ukumamatheka okudumile kwaseVietnam, okungasho njalo injabulo . Ezimweni eziningi, ukumamatheka kungaveza ukungakhululeki, ukuhlazeka, ukukhathazeka, noma ngisho nokuzithoba lapho ubhekene nokusolwa. Akuvamile ukuthi umuntu amamatheke uma ukhombe iphutha, hhayi ngoba ekuthola kuhlekisa, kodwa ngenxa yenhlonipho nokugwema ukwandisa ingxabano.
Esinye isici esiphawulekayo ukuthi abantu abaningi bayakugwema ukubuka ngqo emehlweni omuntu ophakeme noma ohlonishwa kakhulu . Lokhu kungabheki emehlweni akusho ukungathembi, kodwa kubonisa inhlonipho yendabuko: ukubheka umuntu ophakeme kungahunyushwa njengokungahloniphi noma ukungalaleli.
Ngokuvamile, abantu baseVietnam bayakugwema ukusho ngokuqondile kakhulu. Ukuthi “cha” okuqondile kungabhekwa njengokungazelelwe , ngakho-ke kuvamile kakhulu ukuphendula ngokuthi “yebo” noma imisho engaqondakali esho ukuthi akunakwenzeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ubuza imibuzo ngendlela ephikisayo ("Akubukeki sengathi kuzona imvula, akunjalo?"), ungadala ukungaqondani, ngoba indlela impendulo enengqondo ngayo ingase ingqubuzane neyethu.
Ukuze ugweme ukudideka, kungcono ukubuza imibuzo elula neyakhayo ngaphandle kwemibono emibili emibi . Uma impendulo ingu-"yebo" okungabazayo, ukumamatheka okucindezelekile, noma ukuthula isikhathi eside, kungenzeka ukuthi empeleni bathi cha.
Kukhona nezimpawu ezithile okufanele uzigweme: ukukhomba othile, ukugoqa izingalo zakho phambi kwesifuba sakho ngenkathi ubheka phezu kwehlombe lakho, noma ukusebenzisa ithoni yokugcona. Zonke lezi zenzo zibhekwa njengezingenabuhlakani esikweni esibeka phambili inhlonipho nokuzwana.
Imikhuba eyisisekelo yezivakashi: okufanele nokungafanele kwenziwe
Ngaphambi kokuhamba, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqaphela ezinye izenzo ezilula zomusa ezenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni abantu bendawo abakubona ngayo.
- Njalo nikeza futhi wamukele ngezandla zombili.Ikakhulukazi imali, izipho, noma amakhadi ebhizinisi, kubonisa inhlonipho.
- Khumula izicathulo zakho lapho ungena Emakhaya, emathempelini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi emabhizinisini endabuko, cishe kuyimpoqo.
- Gqoka ngobuhlakani Ema-pagoda nasemathempelini (amahlombe namadolo amboziwe, kungekho sigqoko noma izibuko zelanga ngaphakathi) umthetho oyisisekelo.
- Ungathinti ikhanda lanoma ubanihhayi ngisho nezingane, njengoba kubhekwa njengengxenye engcwele kakhulu yomzimba.
- Ungakhombi ngezinyawo zakho kubantu, ezifanekisweni noma kuma-altare, ngoba kuthathwa njengokucasulayo.
Ezindaweni zenkolo, kulindeleke ukuthi ukhulume buthule, uhambe ngokuthula, futhi ubonise inhlonipho kulabo abathandazayo. Ukuthatha izithombe zama-altare nemikhosi kuvunyelwe ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa kuyalulekwa ukuthi ubuze kusengaphambili noma uhlole izimpawu.
Ukubonakaliswa kothando esidlangalaleni okukhulu, njengokuqabulana okunothando noma ukwangana okuvusa inkanuko emgwaqweni , akuvamile ngaphandle kwamadolobha amakhulu. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, zingabukwa ngokungakhululeki, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugcina izinga elithile lokuqonda.
Icebiso eliwusizo: ukuthengiselana kuyingxenye yesipiliyoni emakethe nasezindaweni zokuthengisa, kodwa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlekisa , ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yintukuthelo noma ukucindezela kakhulu umthengisi . Uma intengo ingalungile, momotheka, ubonge, bese uhamba; akuyona impi, kuyingxoxo enobungane.
Ukudla kwaseVietnam, izinti zokugaya ukudla, kanye nokungenisa izihambi
Ukudla kungenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuxhumana nabantu eVietnam futhi kuyindlela ehloniphekile yokuzwa impilo yansuku zonke kanye nobudlelwano bomndeni . Esikhundleni sokudla komuntu ngamunye, kuvamile ukwabelana ngamapuleti amaningi phakathi netafula.
Uma umenywe esidlweni ekhaya lothile noma edilini, ukudla kunikezwa ezitsheni ezinkulu zomphakathi lapho umuntu ngamunye ethatha khona izingxenye ezincane azidlulisele esitsheni sakhe selayisi. Ukuthatha ukudla ngqo kusuka esitsheni esiphakathi kuya emlonyeni wakho ngezinti kubhekwa njengokungahloniphi.
Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinti zokugcoba kunemithetho ecacile kakhulu. Akufanele uzifake ziqonde elayisini , njengoba lokhu kufana nezinti zempepho ema-altare omngcwabo. Uma zingasetshenziswa, zibeke emaphethelweni epuleti noma endaweni encane yokuphumula.
Esidlweni sendabuko, kuyisiko ukulinda umuntu omdala noma osezingeni eliphezulu ukuthi aqale ukudla ngaphambi kokuba wonke umuntu alandele. Ukunikeza abanye ukudla ngaphambi kokuziphakela kuwuphawu oluhlonishwayo lwenhlonipho.
Ngenxa yenhlonipho, kuyaziswa lapho isivakashi sizama okuncane kwakho konke futhi singakwenqabi obala lokho okuphakelwayo, ngaphandle uma kunesizathu sempilo. Ukuqeda okusesitsheni sakho kubonisa ukuthi udle kahle; nokho, ukushiya okuncane ekupheleni kokudla kungahunyushwa njengophawu lokuthi kube nokudla okwanele.
Uma uvakashelwa kafushane, uma unikezwa itiye, kuwukuhlonipha ukwamukela okungenani inkomishi encane , noma ngabe awuyena umlandeli omkhulu noma ungabaza ngamanzi. Kuyisenzo esilula esibonisa ukubonga ngokungenisa izihambi futhi kuvula iminyango eminingi.
Ukuhamba eVietnam kusho ukuzwa lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuqhubekayo kwezithuthuthu ezihamba ngezinyawo, abesifazane asebekhulile esiteji esimsulwa se-ao, izingane ezihamba ngezibani, imibhangqwana ehlonipha okhokho babo, kanye nentsha ebelana ngakho konke ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Ukuqonda amasiko abo—kusukela endleleni yokubingelela umuntu kuya endleleni yokuwela umgwaqo noma ukuthi wenzeni uma uphakelwa itiye—kukuvumela ukuthi ujabulele izwe kakhulu futhi uthole indawo lapho isiko lingeyona imnyuziyamu, kodwa into ephilayo ezivuselela nsuku zonke.