I-Ecuador ingenye yalawo mazwe amancane angenakuqondwa ngokubuka nje imephuUma ubheka kuqala, kubonakala sengathi yindawo encane ephakathi kweColombia nePeru, egcwele uLwandlekazi iPacific. Kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho uklwebha ubuso, uthola indawo yonke enkulu: ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, izintaba-mlilo ezinkulu, amabhishi asezindaweni ezishisayo, amadolobha akoloni, neziqhingi ezilahlekile phakathi kolwandle okwashintsha umlando wesayensi. Konke kuyingxenye yomhlaba ethatha ingxenye encane kakhulu yeplanethi.
Uma ungumuntu othanda amaqiniso angavamile, izindaba zomlando, kanye nezinto ezimangalisayo zamasiko, khona-ke lokhu kungokwakho.I-Ecuador iyipaki yetimu yangempela. Kusukela emithethweni eyingqayizivele evikela imvelo kuya emasikweni kaNcibijane anonya, ukudla okungalindelekile, amarekhodi emvelo, kanye nenhlanganisela emangalisayo yamasiko, leli zwe liyimayini yegolide yabantu abanelukuluku.
Izwe elincane elinobuhle bemvelo obukhulu
Nakuba i-Ecuador imelela cishe u-0,2% womhlaba womhlaba kuphelaIbhalwe njengenye yamazwe angu-17 ahlukene emhlabeni. Lokho kusho ukuthi, ngokulingana nobukhulu bayo, igxile ezintweni eziningi ezingaphili ngendlela exakile. Uma uthanda imvelo ngayo yonke inkazimulo yayo, uzobe ulapha unentamo yakho ivulekile ngenxa yokubuka nxazonke.
Izinombolo ziyazikhulumela zonaKule ndawo encane kuhlala cishe u-8% wezinhlobo zezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemhlabeni ezaziwayo, u-5% wezilwane ezihuquzelayo, omunye u-8% wezilwane ezincelisayo, kanye no-16% wezinhlobo zezinyoni zeplanethi. Futhi ngiyaphinda, konke lokho kugcwele ezweni, emephini, elibukeka njengebhokisi elilula eduze kwePacific. Ubuningi bezinto eziphilayo ngekhilomitha lesikwele buphakathi kweziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni.
Lokhu kujabula kwemvelo akuyona ingoziUkuhlanganiswa kwezintaba zase-Andes, ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, umugqa osogwini, kanye neziqhingi zaseGalápagos kudala izinhlobo ezahlukene kakhulu zesimo sezulu, inhlabathi, kanye nokuphakama. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwezici kuvumela izimiso zemvelo ukuthi zihlale ndawonye, ezingahlukaniswa ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane kwamanye amazwe. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje, ungasuka enkungwini epholile yehlathi elinamafu uye emswakama ojiyile we-Amazon noma endaweni engenalutho yentaba-mlilo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo e-Ecuador nakho kufinyeleleka kalula kumuntu ohambayo.Izindawo zokugcina amahlathi amafu njengalezo ezisendaweni yaseMashpi zinikeza izindawo zokuhlala ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nabaqondisi abangochwepheshe abakusiza ukuthi uqonde okubonayo: amaxoxo amancane, izinyoni ezingenakwenzeka, izinambuzane ezingavamile, nama-orchid anezimo ezingavamile. Akukhona nje ukuya ehlathini; kodwa ukungena elabhorethri ephilayo lapho konke kuhambisana nokuphila.
I-Chimborazo, i-Quito kanye neziqhwaga zase-Andes
Ukukhuluma nge-Ecuador ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngezintaba zayo kungaba ukushiya ingxenye yezwe ngaphandle.Uhla lwezintaba zase-Andes ludlula ezweni lonke kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu, lugcwele izintaba-mlilo kanye neziqongo ezinhle kakhulu ezimbozwe yiqhwa. Phakathi kwazo zonke, eyodwa ivelele ngemininingwane ephawulekayo ngempela: iChimborazo.
I-Chimborazo, enamamitha angu-6.263 ngaphezu kolwandleIChimborazo iyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke e-Ecuador. Kodwa okumangazayo ngempela ukuthi, ngenxa yokuvuvukala koMhlaba enkabazwe, isiqongo sale ntaba-mlilo siyindawo ebusweni boMhlaba ekude kakhulu nesikhungo seplanethi. Ngamanye amazwi, uma ulinganisa ngaphandle usuka enkabeni yoMhlaba, iChimborazo iphakeme ngamakhilomitha angaba ngu-2,4 kuneNtaba i-Everest uqobo.
Leli qiniso lenza abathandi bezintaba abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba babheke iChimborazo ngamehlo ahlukeneAkuyona nje "intaba-mlilo yase-Andean" engaphezu kwamamitha angu-6,000, kodwa yindawo eseduze kakhulu neplanethi yethu emkhathini uma ucabangela ibanga eliqondile ukusuka enkabeni yoMhlaba. Umlando wezwe ongaziwa kakhulu, futhi onikeza le ntaba-mlilo enkulu i-aura ekhethekile.
Inhloko-dolobha, iQuito, nayo idlala indima ehamba phambili phakathi kwezindawo eziphakemeNjengoba itholakala cishe ngamamitha angu-2.820 ngaphezu kolwandle, ibhekwa njengedolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, uma sicabanga ngamazwe anohulumeni ophakathi edolobheni elilodwa. Ukuhamba emigwaqweni yayo kufana nokuthi "uthinta isibhakabhaka," futhi akuvamile ukuthi abantu abasanda kufika bazizwe bephelelwa umoya ezinsukwini zabo zokuqala ezimbalwa.
IQuito yayingenye yezindawo zokuqala emhlabeni ukumenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yelifa Lomhlaba yi-UNESCO.Ngo-1978, isikhungo sayo somlando esilondolozwe kahle sigcwele amasonto amakhulu, ama-plaza amatshe, izindlu ezinkulu zamakoloni, namakhona abonakala eqandisiwe ngesikhathi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, elinye itshe eliyigugu lase-Ecuador nalo lathola uphawu lwe-UNESCO, kodwa sizoxoxa ngalokho kamuva.
I-Quito: phakathi kwesayensi eqanjiwe, izihlahla ezipinki kanye noguquko lwesayensi
Idolobha laseQuito aliphawuleki nje kuphela ngokuphakama kwalo kanye nefa lalo lamakoloniKuye kwaba yindawo yeziqephu ezimangalisayo ezifana nedrama yomsakazo eyaphuma esandleni. Ngo-1949, isiteshi somsakazo saseQuito sanquma ukushintsha i-The War of the Worlds, indaba edumile yokuhlasela kwabafokazi eyathandwa kakhulu ngu-Orson Welles e-United States.
Umphumela waba yisiphithiphithi esikhulu.Abalaleli abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi ukuhlaselwa kwabafokazi kwakungokoqobo, kwaqala ukwethuka, kwathi amabutho okuphepha—ibutho, amaphoyisa, kanye nabacishi bomlilo—bashiya idolobha becabanga ukuthi babhekene nesitha esingaziwa. Lapho sekucacile ukuthi konke lokhu bekuyinkohliso, ulaka lwaphendukela esiteshini somsakazo, esagcina sishiswe yisixuku esasithukuthele.
Akuyona yonke into eQuito ethokozisayo njengenganekwane yesayensi.Ngesikhathi sasehlobo saseNingizimu Yenkabazwe, idolobha linombala opinki ngenxa yezihlahla ze-arupo, izihlahla zokuhlobisa ezihlala zingabonakali isikhathi esiningi sonyaka kodwa ziqhakaze zibe izimbali ezipinki eziqhakazile phakathi naleso sikhathi sonyaka. Nakuba zingezona izihlahla ze-cherry zaseJapan, zinezithombe ezigcwele emigwaqweni, emapaki nasezindleleni.
I-Ecuador nayo inegalelo elikhulu kwisayensi ngemithombo yayo yemvelo.. the Umuthi we-cinchona, umuthi wesizwe wezwe, udumile ngokuba umthombo wokuqala we-quinine.Kwakungenye yamakhemikhali okuqala asetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekulweni nomalaleveva. Izithako ezithathwe emagxolweni aso zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukulwa nalesi sifo ngezikhathi lapho imithi yesimanje yayingekho.
Futhi uma sikhuluma ngezinguquko zesayensi, akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa eyeziQhingi zaseGalapagos.Lezi ziqhingi, ezingezase-Ecuador, zaziyisisekelo ekusizeni isazi semvelo esisencane saseBrithani, uCharles Darwin, ukuthi siqale ukwakha izisekelo zenkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngokukhetha kwemvelo. Ukubuka kwakhe ama-finch nezinye izinhlobo zalezi ziqhingi, ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakhe ngo-1835, kwashintsha i-biology unomphela.
I-Galapagos: ilabhorethri ephilayo kanye nokuziqhenya kwe-Ecuador
Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos cishe ziyingcebo yemvelo edume kakhulu e-Ecuador.Njengoba zitholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-1.000 ukusuka ogwini oluseningizimu, enkabeni yePacific, zakha isiqhingi esinomlando wezintaba-mlilo esinezindawo eziqinile, amabhishi esihlabathi esimhlophe, imihlume, nezilwane ezibonakala sengathi zivela kwenye iplanethi: izimfudu ezinkulu, ama-iguana asolwandle, ama-booby anezinyawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amabhubesi asolwandle amangalisayo…
Leli qembu leziqhingi lamenyezelwa njengeNdawo yokuqala yeGugu Lomhlaba ye-UNESCO emhlabeniLokhu kuqashelwa kwasekuqaleni kubonisa ukubaluleka kwalesi siqhingi emhlabeni wonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1959 uhulumeni wase-Ecuador waqoka cishe u-98% wendawo yaso njengePaki Kazwelonke, isivikelo esiqinile esikhawulela imisebenzi yabantu futhi silawule ezokuvakasha.
Iziqhingi zaseGalapagos zisebenza njengelabhorethri ephilayo lapho ukuziphendukela kwemvelo "kungabonakala khona".Ukuntuleka kwezilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane zemvelo, ukuzihlukanisa, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene kuye kwavumela izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo ukuthi zivumelane ngezindlela ezithile. Lokhu kuhlukile kwaba yinhlansi eyavusa imibono kaDarwin futhi iyaqhubeka nokuba yindaba ekhangayo kososayensi emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuvakasha eziQhingini zaseGalapagos kulawulwa kakhulu, kodwa kusalokhu kungenye yezindawo ezikhangayo kakhulu kuleli zwe.Kunemikhumbi yokudoba yobukhulu nezigaba ezahlukahlukene ehambahamba eziqhingini ngezinhlelo zohambo ezenzelwe ukunciphisa umthelela emvelweni. Izinkampani zase-Ecuador zihole ekuvuselelweni kabusha kwalolu hambo ngemuva kokuvalwa kwesikhashana, zize zazibophezela nokusebenzisa imizila nomgibeli oyedwa kuphela ebhodini, ukuze kugcinwe imboni iphila ngaphansi kwemikhuba eqhubekayo.
Ukuvakashela iziQhingi zaseGalapagos kuyilungelo elihambisana nomthwalo wemfaneloUmhambi kumele ahloniphe imithetho eqinile: ungazithinti izilwane, ungashiyi imizila, ungalethi izinhlobo ezivela ngaphandle, lawula imfucuza… Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kokulawula, imfundo yemvelo kanye nokuthakaselwa yilokho okubonwayo kwenza okuhlangenwe nakho kube yinto ezokuphawulela impilo yakho yonke.
Izwe elinamazwe amane ahlukene kakhulu
Indlela ecacile kakhulu yokuqonda i-Ecuador iwukucabanga ukuthi ihlukaniswe yaba “imihlaba” emine emikhulu ezisukela empumalanga ziye entshonalanga. Ngayinye ihlukile kakhulu kwenye kangangokuthi, ngaphezu kwezwe, ibonakala njengeqoqo lezindawo ezihlukile ngaphakathi kohlaka olufanayo lwezepolitiki.
ISifunda sase-Amazon, empumalanga, siyindlela eya ehlathini eliyinganekwane kakhulu emhlabeniImifula emikhulu, amahlathi aminyene ngendlela engenakwenzeka, imiphakathi yabomdabu egcina izindlela zokuphila zokhokho, kanye nomuzwa oqhubekayo wokuba semaphashini aluhlaza oMhlaba. Lapha, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kufinyelela emazingeni angenakucatshangwa, nezinkulungwane zezinambuzane, izinyoni, nezitshalo zabelana ngesikhala.
Isifunda sase-Andean sidlula enkabeni yezwe futhi sihlanganisa ingxenye enkulu yabantu basoIhlanganisa amadolobha asendulo afana neQuito neCuenca, izigodi zezolimo, amachibi aphezulu, izintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenzi, kanye nezindawo ezishintsha njalo lapho umgwaqo ugoba. Izimakethe zomdabu, imikhosi yabangcwele abasekelayo, izindwangu ezinemibala egqamile, kanye nomculo wendabuko kwenza kube yinto ethinta abantu.
Umugqa osogwini, ngasentshonalanga, uyindawo yePacific.Amabhishi amakhulu, imizi yokudoba, amadolobha asechwebeni, kanye nokudla okusekelwe ekudleni kwasolwandle kwenza le ndawo ibe yipharadesi kulabo abafuna ilanga, amagagasi, i-ceviche, kanye nokushona kwelanga okungapheli. Isimo sezulu sifudumele futhi sinomswakama, futhi impilo iya ngokuya ngesigqi samagagasi esikhululekile.
Ekugcineni, iSifundazwe sase-Insular sifana ngqo neziQhingi zaseGalapagosLelo zwe elihlukile esesixoxe ngalo kakade. Ukuhlanganisa i-Amazon, i-Andes, i-Pacific, kanye neziQhingi zaseGalápagos ezweni elilodwa kungenye yezici eziphawuleka kakhulu e-Ecuador. Ngezinsuku ezimbalwa nje, uma uhlela uhambo lwakho kahle, ungabona izindawo ezidinga izindiza ezinqamula amazwekazi kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.
Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwendawo nakho kuholela ezimweni zezulu ezahlukahlukene kakhulu ngaphakathi kwebanga elifushane kakhulu.Ukhuphuka intaba bese usuka ekushiseni okumanzi uye ekubandeni okomile; uhamba amakhilomitha ambalwa ubheke ogwini bese inkungu yase-Andean ithatha indawo yelanga elingapheli.
Imithetho yemvelo kanye nezintaba-mlilo zelinye iligi
I-Ecuador ayigcini nje ngokuzigqaja ngobuhle bayo bemvelo, kodwa futhi isungule indlela evikela ngayo ngokusemthethweni.Ngo-2008, uMthethosisekelo wayo wafaka umqondo wokuqala: ukuqashelwa kwemvelo njengesihloko samalungelo. Okusho ukuthi, ayigcini ngokuvikela imvelo ngokungaqondile, kodwa kunalokho iyinika amalungelo ayo, aphoqelelwa phambi kwezinkantolo.
La malungelo afaka phakathi ithuba "lokuba khona, ukulondoloza nokuvuselela imijikelezo yabo yokuphila"Lena indlela ehluke kakhulu kunejwayelekile, evame ukubona imvelo njengensiza esetshenziswa ngabantu kuphela. E-Ecuador, okungenani ngokomthetho, imvelo inezwi futhi ingavikelwa enkantolo njengokungathi iyinhlangano esemthethweni.
Le filosofi ihambisana kahle nombono wabantu abaningi bomdabu kuleli zwe.abavame ukucabanga ngomhlaba njengento ephilayo, efanelwe ukuhlonishwa nokubonga. Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukuphila okuhle” noma i-sumak kawsay kuye kwasetshenziswa njengogqozi lokuveza izinqubomgomo ezilinganisela intuthuko kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, yize umkhuba oqondile uhlala udala izingxoxo kanye nokungezwani.
Emkhakheni wesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, i-Ecuador iyikhaya lesinye isici esithakazelisayo: intaba-mlilo yaseChalupasIngenye yezintaba-mlilo ezinkulu emhlabeni, ene-caldera enkulu efinyelela amakhilomitha angaba ngu-16 ngaphakathi kweCotopaxi National Park. Ukuba khona kwayo kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi, ngaphansi kobuso, umsebenzi wezintaba-mlilo wezwe unamandla nokuthi izindawo eziningi zalo ziqoshwe ngomlilo, umlotha kanye ne-lava.
Ukuhlala nezintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kuyingxenye yokuphila okuvamile e-AndeanI-Cotopaxi, i-Tungurahua, i-Reventador, kanye nezinye iziqhwaga ziphawula umkhathi futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, ziphoqa iziphathimandla kanye nabantu ukuba bahlale beqaphile. Le nhlanganisela yobuhle obuhle kakhulu kanye nengozi efihliwe iyingxenye yesimo sendawo sase-Ecuador.