Izinkulungwane zabantu zithatha umasipala waseMadrid nsuku zonke ukuzungeza inhlokodolobha yaseSpain. Kuyindlela esheshayo yezokuthutha futhi ingenye yedolobha elingcono kakhulu emhlabeni. INkosi u-Alfonso XIII yethule isigaba sokuqala esixhumanisa iSol neCuatro Caminos ngo-Okthoba 1919 futhi kusukela lapho asizange siyeke ukukhula.
Kodwa-ke, iMadrid Metro ingaphezu nje kwendlela yokuhamba . Nakuba kungase kungabonakali kunjalo, futhi iyimyuziyamu emangalisayo, ephethe ingcebo ekhangayo elinde ukutholwa abahambi abasheshayo. Ngezansi, sikukhombisa ezinye zazo ukuze ngesikhathi esizayo lapho uhamba ngesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba, ume ukuze ucabange, uma ufisa, ingxenye encane yomlando wethu.
Umlando weMetro Madrid
Ngo-Okthoba 17, 1919, iNkosi u-Alfonso XIII yavula isiteshi sokuqala sesitimela saseMadrid : iCuatro Caminos. Ezinsukwini eziyishumi nanhlanu kamuva, abagibeli abangaphezu kuka-50.000 abathatha uhambo lokuqala bathola ukuthi isikhathi sabo sokuhamba esivamile sancishiswa kanjani sisuka kusigamu sehora ngethilamu saya emizuzwini eyishumi ngethilamu. Kwakuyindlela yokuhamba yesikhathi esizayo, futhi nakuba ekuqaleni yavusa ukusola okukhulu, impumelelo yayo yashesha.
Eminyakeni emibili kamuva ukunwetshwa kokuqala kwe-Atocha kwafika futhi ngo-1924 ulayini 2 phakathi kukaSol noVentas kwethulwa. Ngaleso sikhathi kwaqala ukuvela amathikithi okuqala okuya nokubuya nekheshi lokuqala, okwatholakala ukuthi belikhokhelwe.
Ngisho neMpi Yombango ayizange ikwazi ukuyivimba. Emasontweni ambalwa ngemva kokuqala kwempi, uMgca 3 wavuleka phakathi kweSol ne-Embajadores. Kodwa-ke, wathathwa cishe ngokushesha futhi kwadingeka uvalwe, njengoba kwakunjalo nangomgwaqo iGoya-Diego de León (manje onguMgca 4). Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izinqola zazishintshana phakathi kokuthutha izakhamuzi namabhokisi omngcwabo ukuya emathuneni asempumalanga, futhi imigudu yayisetshenziswa njengezindawo zokukhosela ngesikhathi sokuhlasela ngamabhomu.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaFranco nangokwanda kwabantu okwalandela ngawo-60, amapulatifomu olayini 1 enwetshiwe esuka kumamitha angama-60 kuye kwangama-90. Ngesikhathi salolu shintsho, isiteshi saseChamber savalwa ngoba izinguquko zazingenziwa njengoba kwakusejikeni.
Eminyakeni eyalandela iMetro Metro yayizothola ukukhula okukhulu. Ulayini 1960 wavulwa ngo-5 kwathi ngo-1974 ulayini 7 phakathi kukaPueblo Nuevo noLas Musas. Kamuva kuzofika umugqa wesi-6 (oyindilinga), owedlule ongu-8 (okwamanje oyingxenye ye-10 futhi owenza umzila weNuevos Ministerios-Fuencarral) kanye no-9, lapho kwafinyelelwa khona amakhilomitha ayi-100 ngenkathi kuvulwa isigaba sePlaza Castilla-Herrera U-Oria ngo-1983.
Ngawo-90, kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwemigqa 8 no-11 kanti iMadrid Metro yayilungiselela ukushiya inhloko-dolobha iya e-Arganda del Rey naseRivas Vaciamadrid.
Njengamanje, iMetro ifinyelela komasipala abangu-12 kanti iMadrid ngayinye inesiteshi esingamamitha ayi-600 ukusuka ekhaya labo. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili nohhafu basebenzisa le ndlela yokuhamba nsuku zonke, manje, ngomugqa 12, exhuma ne-Alcorcón, Fuenlabrada, Getafe, Leganés neMóstoles.
I-Madrid Metro manje ingenye yezinhlelo zesitimela esingaphansi komhlaba ezihamba phambili emhlabeni , futhi uma iqhathaniswa neyamanye amadolobha amakhulu aseNtshonalanga, ivelele ngokuhlanzeka kwayo, ukuphepha, kanye nezakhiwo zesimanje. Okwaqala njengomsebenzi omncane wokuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwabantu baseMadrid manje kungenye yamanethiwekhi amakhulu esitimela esingaphansi komhlaba, kanye nawaseNew York, eLondon, naseParis.
IMetro de Madrid, umnyuziyamu omangalisayo ongaphansi komhlaba
IMadrid iyidolobha elithakazelisayo kangangokuthi ligcina izimfihlo ngisho nangaphansi komhlaba . Udinga nje ukugibela isitimela sayo ukuze uzibonele mathupha.
Isibonelo, uma wake wahamba ku-Line 1 wadlula eziteshini zaseBilbao nase-Iglesia, uzobe usuqaphele isiteshi esidala lapho isitimela singami khona. Saziwa ngokuthi "isiteshi sezipoki," kodwa igama laso langempela yiChamberí , futhi sasingesinye seziteshi eziyisishiyagalombili ezakha lo mzila ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.
IMadrid Metro | Isiteshi seChamberí
Ngo-1966, kwakunohlelo lokwandisa inani lezinqola zesitimela emgqeni, kodwa njengoba amapulatifomu ayengenakukhuliswa ukuze athwale izitimela, isiteshi savalwa ngenxa yokuthi sasiseduze nezinye iziteshi. Saklanywa ngumklami u-Antonio Palacios, sahlala singasetshenziswa iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amane futhi, naphezu kokuba sasinamabhodi, sonakaliswa. Ngo-2006, kwaqala iphrojekthi yokuvuselela isiteshi ukuze kulungiswe futhi kwakhiwe imnyuziyamu yamahhala ebonisa ukuthi i-metro yayinjani ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuciko bunendawo ebaluleke kakhulu eMadrid Metro . Esiteshini saseRetiro (umugqa 2), enye yamapulatifomu ihlotshiswe ngemidwebo yobuciko yomdwebi wezithombe odumile u-Antonio Mingote. Lesi siteshi sinehholo lombukiso elibamba imibukiso yesikhashana yezithombe nokupenda.
Esiteshini iGoya (ulayini 2 no-4) kukhona nemnyuziyamu yangempela yabathandi bokupenda. Eplatifomu yomugqa 4 kunamakhophi wemidwebo eminingana ebiyelwe emngceleni omhlophe kaFrancisco de Goya. Inani lokukhiqizwa kabusha okungamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ngumdwebi wase-Aragon ohambelana nochungechunge lweLos Caprichos neTauromaquia. Impela iyindlela enhle yokuzijabulisa ngenkathi isitimela sifika esiteshini.
Isayensi yemivubukulo nayo inendawo eMadrid Metro . Iziteshi ze-Ópera kanye neCarpetana ziyibufakazi balokhu. Kweyokuqala, izinsalela zemivubukulo zekhulu le-16 nele-17 zatholakala, zalondolozwa, futhi manje ziyingxenye yomnyuziyamu wemivubukulo omkhulu kunayo yonke ongaphansi komhlaba enhloko-dolobha. Izinsalela zingezomthombo kanye nomsele wamanzi i-Amaniel.
Kowesibili, izinsalela zezinsalela zamathambo zatholakala lapho kumbiwa khona kwakhiwa amakheshi ngo-2008. ZingezaseMiocene Ephakathi futhi, ikakhulukazi, ezigabeni ezifana ne-Anchitherium, i-Amphicyon noma iCheirogaster. Namuhla ungabona ukufana kwalezi zinsalela phakathi nayo yonke isizini njengoba zikhonjiswa emibonisweni ehambisana namaphaneli achazayo.
Izintshisekelo zeMetro Metro
- Imisebenzi yokufaka inethiwekhi kamasipala waseMadrid yaqala ngoSepthemba 19, 1916. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, iNkosi u-Alfonso XIII yavula le ndlela yesimanjemanje yezokuthutha.
- Ithikithi lokuqala leMadrid Metro libiza amasenti ayi-15 ukuya ngakunye. Isikhathi sokusebenza besivela ku-6: 20 ekuseni kuze kube yi-2: 00 ekuseni.
- Ubude bayo yonke imigqa bufinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-324, okwenza kube njalo inethiwekhi yesikhombisa enkulu kamasipala emhlabeni ngemuva kweMoscow, iTokyo, iParis, iLondon, iShanghai neNew York.
- Isiteshi lapho imigqa eminingi ihlangana khona yi-Avenida de América enemana isiyonke.
- Ulayini oneziteshi eziningi ungunombolo 1 onezitobhi ezingama-33 kodwa ohamba isikhathi eside kakhulu ulayini 12, ohlanganisa amakhilomitha angama-40,96 esewonke.
- Enye yezinto ezihlukile zeMetro de Madrid yilokho izitimela zabo zigijima ngakwesobunxelea, lapho iningi lezingqalasizinda zesitimela saseSpain zenza kanjalo ngakwesokudla.
- Isiteshi i-Alto del Arenal (umugqa 1) sibaluleke kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala, ngoba kukhona iCentral Post elawula konke okwenzeka esitimeleni saseMadrid.