I-Los izingubo zendabuko zasePapua, Samoa naseHawaii Akuzona nje izingubo ezikhangayo zephathi enesihloko. Ngemuva kwesiketi ngasinye samaqabunga, yonke i-lavalava enemibala, noma yonke imigexo yamazinyo kashaka kunendaba yokomoya, ubuholi bezenhlalo, ukuxhumana nezithunywa zevangeli, kanye nokuxhumana okujulile nemvelo. Uma ufike lapha ufuna imibono yezingubo noma ngenxa nje yelukuluku, uzothola umbono omuhle, ogcwele umongo wamasiko kanye nemininingwane evame ukunganakwa.
Kulesi sihloko sizothatha uhambo lokubona Izingubo zendabuko zaseHawaii, zaseSamoa, nasePapua New GuineaUma ubheka indlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo emdansweni, emikhosini, nasempilweni yansuku zonke, uzobona ukuthi ezinye izingubo zisemthethweni kakhulu kanti ezinye zivumelaniswe nezikhathi zanamuhla, kodwa zonke zinobuntu obuhlukile nobunemibala esibuhlanganisa nePacific. Lungela, ngoba kuningi ongakuchaza, ngokoqobo.
Izingubo zendabuko zaseHawaii nomdanso we-Hula
Ukuze uqonde i izingubo zendabuko zaseHawaii Kumelwe siqale ngeHula, umdanso waseHawaii odumile. Lo mdanso awuyona nje into yokuzijabulisa ngezivakashi: waqala njengendlela yokuxoxa izindaba, ukuhlonipha onkulunkulu, nokugcina inkumbulo ehlangene. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iHula iye yahlukahluka ngezitayela ezahlukene, ngayinye inezingubo zayo ezihlukile kanye nemithetho ecacile yokuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo zendabuko nezesimanje.
Emikhosini yamanje nasemincintiswaneni, i-Hula ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezigaba Ubudala nobulili: intombazane, umfana, owesifazane kanye nendodaNgesikhathi esifanayo, umdansi ngamunye uwela kwesinye sezitayela ezimbili eziyinhloko zeHula: iKahiko, isitayela esidala esihlobene nemikhuba, kanye ne-ʻAuana, inguqulo yesimanje, ethonywe umculo waseNtshonalanga futhi eyenzelwe kakhulu ukusebenza. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa okubili kuthonya ngqo indlela umhlanganyeli ngamunye agqoka ngayo.
I-Hula Kahiko iwubuso obunesizotha kakhulu nobungobokhokho bomdanso, futhi izingubo zayo zisekelwe ku izinto zemvelo ezifana namaqabunga, imicu yezitshalo namantongomaneNgakolunye uhlangothi, i-ʻAuana ihlanganisa izindwangu eziphrintiwe, ukusika kwesimanje kanye nobuhle obukhululekile, ngaphandle kokunganaki izimbali noma imigexo, okuhlala kuyizimpawu zaseHawaii.
Kuzo zombili izitayela, abesilisa nabesifazane bagcwalisa izingubo zabo eziyinhloko nge i-lei (imigexo yezimbali noma izithelo), imiqhele yezimbali zezitshalo namasongo ezihlakaleni nasemaqakaleni. Lezi zesekeli azizona nje izihlobiso: zichaza umlingiswa womdanso, ziqinisa isigqi ngokunyakaza kwazo, futhi, ezimweni eziningi, zinencazelo engokomfanekiso ehlobene nohlobo lweziqhingi.
I-Hula Kahiko: izingubo zendabuko zaseHawaii
Kuhlobo lwe-Kahiko lwe-Hula, izingubo zifuna ubuhle eduze neHawaii yangaphambi kobukoloniSisebenzisa imibala yomhlabathi, imicu yezitshalo, kanye nemiklamo engachazwanga kahle, lesi sitayela sivame ukuqala ngokuncenga noma ukucula, ngakho-ke lonke iqembu, kusukela esitayeleni sezinwele kuya esiketini, lifaka isandla kuleso simo somkhosi.
Kwabesifazane abadala, isudi yakudala yaziwa ngokuthi «wahine»Nakuba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi isikole noma iqembu lomdanso linjani, ingubo evame kakhulu yisiketi esifika emadolweni esenziwe ngamaqabunga noma imicu efana nawo, kuhlanganiswe nemigexo yembewu noma amantongomane. Imiqhele yezitshalo ibekwa ekhanda, bese kufakwa imiqhele noma amasongo, nawo enziwe ngezitshalo zasendaweni, ezifakwa ezihlakaleni nasemaqakaleni, zinyakaziswa ngesikhathi somdanso.
Ezimweni eziningi, abadansi bangashintsha noma bagcwalise isiketi nge "kubi"Indwangu eboshwe phakathi kwemilenze nesinqe, efana nendwangu yendabuko. Nakuba ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nabesilisa, le ngubo isetshenziswa nabesifazane emidwebweni ethile noma ekulingiseni umlando, okuqinisa isici esiqinile nesidala se-Hula Kahiko.
Uma kukhulunywa ngamantombazane, le ngubo ibizwa ngokuthi «kaikamahine»Umklamo oyisisekelo ufana nezingubo zabesifazane, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene: iziketi zivame ukuba zinde, ngezinye izikhathi zifinyelela cishe emaqakaleni, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaqabunga nezimbali zisetshenziselwa imiqhele namasongo. Izinsimbi zomculo zendabuko nazo zifakiwe, njenge-"ipu" noma i-"ipu heke" ephindwe kabili (izinkomishi ezisetshenziswa njengezinsimbi zomculo ezishaywayo), ezinye zamantombazane amancane ezithwala esiteji ukuze zigcine isigqi.
Kwabesilisa abadala, imvunulo yendabuko yeHula Kahiko «kāne»Kunezinhlobo eziningana, kodwa izinto ezimbili zivamile: ukusetshenziswa kwe-malo (uhlobo lwesigqoko sekhanda) kanye neziketi ezifika emadolweni ezenziwe ngotshani noma ngemicu yezitshalo. Umzimba ungase ungabonakali noma umbozwe ngendwangu elula, kuye ngohlobo lomdanso kanye nomongo. Njengasezingutsheni zabesifazane, iqembu liqediwe ngemiqhele, imigexo, amaqakala, kanye namabhande esihlakala enziwe ngezitshalo zomdabu, okwengeza umbala kanye nokunyakaza.
Abafana bagqoka «keiki kāne»Imvunulo yabesifazane ilandela isitayela esifanayo nesabesilisa. Bagqoka iziketi zotshani ezinobude obubili obujwayelekile (ubude bamadolo noma ngaphansi kancane) kanye nemibala ehlukahlukene egqamile, kokubili endwangu kanye nemihlobiso yezimbali. Ingaphezulu lingaba yibhulawuzi elilula noma elingenalutho esifubeni, kuye ngokuthi bahlela kanjani. Emakhanda abo, ezihlakaleni nasemaqakaleni, bagqoka imiqhele, imigexo, namasongo enziwe ngezimbali, amaqabunga, noma amantongomane, begcina isimo somkhosi ngenkathi behlonipha isiko.
I-Hula `Auana: Izingubo Zanamuhla ZaseHawaii
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i- I-Hula ʻAuanaInguqulo yakamuva yomdanso waseHawaii, ethonywe yizinsimbi zomculo ezifana negitare kanye ne-ukulele, futhi ivulekele izilaleli eziningi, kufaka phakathi izivakashi. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwesimanje kuyabonakala nasezingubo, manje ezisebenzisa indwangu eningi, amaphrinta agqamile, kanye nokusika okuhambisana nemfashini yamanje.
Kwabesifazane, imvunulo ye-ʻAuana ivame ukuba ne- iziketi ezinde noma ezifika emadolweni ezinemidwebo yezimbaliLezi zihambisana nama-t-shirt afanelekile, ama-top, noma ama-blouse alula. Izindwangu zikhululekile futhi kulula ukuziphatha, okwenza kube lula ukunyakaza komdanso okuguquguqukayo. Izigqoko zekhanda zisagqokwa, kodwa ngokuvamile imiqhele egcwele ithathelwa indawo yimbali eyodwa ezinweleni noma umhlobiso omncane ku-updo, okwengeza ukuthinta okungabalulekile.
Amantombazane aphinda isitayela esifanayo nesabesifazane abadala, ashintsha usayizi kuphela futhi avumelanise ukunqunywa ukuze kube njalo. kukhululekile futhi kulula ukukuthwalaAkuvamile ukubabona begqoke izingubo ezinde, ezinemibala egqamile ezinemidwebo emikhulu yasezindaweni ezishisayo, behambisana nemigexo yezimbali namasongo afanayo. Umphumela uyakhanga amehlo futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, uyasebenza ekuhleleni kwabo imidanso.
Uma kukhulunywa ngabesilisa, umehluko phakathi kukaKahiko no-ʻAuana ubonakala kakhulu. Kulesi sitayela sesimanje, ingubo eyinhloko yi- ihembe eliphrintiwe ngezimbalikuhlanganiswe namabhulukwe amade noma amafushane. Kweminye imidlalo, isiketi sisagqokwa phezu kwamabhulukwe, kodwa asibalulekile futhi, empeleni, ngezinye izikhathi siyanyamalala ngokuphelele. Imigexo yezimbali isekhona, kodwa imiqhele kanye namabhande esihlakala asekelwe ezitshalweni asetshenziswa kancane kakhulu.
Abafana, njengamantombazane, bagqoka izinhlobo ezincane zalezi zingubo ze-ʻAuana: Amabhulukwe akhululekile, amahembe anemidwebo yasezindaweni ezishisayo, kanye nemigexo yezimbaliNgezinye izikhathi kunezelwa isigqoko sotshani ukuze kuqiniswe umuzwa wesiqhingi, into evamile kakhulu emibukisweni eyenzelwe izivakashi noma emaphathini esikole lapho inhloso iwukudala kabusha isimo saseHawaii ngendlela elula.
Izingubo zendabuko zaseSamoa
Uma sihamba ngengqondo sibheke entshonalanga, sifika eSamoa, lapho Izingubo zendabuko zihlobene kakhulu nokuphila kwansuku zonke kanye nesakhiwo senhlaloLokhu akugcini nje ngezingubo zomdanso noma amaphathi, kodwa futhi nezingubo ezibonakala emgwaqweni, esontweni, ezikoleni, kanye nasemicimbini emikhulu yemikhosi.
Enye yezingubo ezidumile kakhulu kwabesifazane yi- i-puletasiI-puletasi, ingubo evame ukuba nejazi elinemikhono emifushane elihambisana nesiketi esifanayo, yalethwa izithunywa zevangeli ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaSamoa ayamukela ngokugcwele, ayiguqula yaba uphawu lokuziqhenya kwabesifazane. Imiklamo namaphethini e-puletasi ahlanganisa imidwebo yendabuko, lapho kungekho mibhalo yasendulo, ekhonza ukugcina inkumbulo yezinganekwane nomlando iphila.
ESamoa, ubuciko bokuxoxa izindaba buvame ukuvezwa ngokusebenzisa ukubaza ngokhuni, i-siapo (indwangu yamagxolo) kanye nokudweba imidwebo noma i-tatauAmaphethini amaningi abonakala kulezi zisekelo nawo adluliselwa ezingutsheni, okuhlanganisa ne-puletasi. Ngale ndlela, izingubo ziba yindwangu ekhombisa izimpawu zemvelo, izindaba zezinganekwane, kanye nezinkomba emphakathini.
Ingubo evame kakhulu kwabesilisa nabesifazane empilweni yansuku zonke yi- lavalavaI-lavalava uhlobo lwesiketi noma i-sarong ebopha okhalweni. Yenziwe ngezindwangu ezinemibala egqamile ezinemidwebo ephefumulelwe yimidwebo yendabuko: amaqabunga amakhulu (njengalawo esihlahla se-breadfruit), izimbali ze-hibiscus, nezinye izakhi zezitshalo. I-lavalava ipholile, ikhululekile, futhi ifanele isimo sezulu esishisayo seziqhingi, ngakho-ke igqokwa kokubili ezindaweni ezingahlelekile nezisemthethweni, kanti ukwakheka kwayo kuyahlukahluka kuphela.
Ukuze baye emihlanganweni, amadoda avame ukugqoka ngiyi-faitagaesingayichaza njengenguqulo ehlelekile kakhulu ye-lavalava. Igcina umqondo wesiketi esiboshwe okhalweni, kodwa ngezindwangu nemibala ethambile. Le ngubo efanayo igqokwa yizingane kanye nentsha lapho ziya esikoleni, ngokuvamile ngemibala ekhanyayo njengobomvu, oluhlaza okotshani, noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, njengengxenye yeyunifomu yesikole.
Izingubo zomkhosi zaseSamoa kanye nezikhundla zomphakathi
Ngaphandle kwezingubo zansuku zonke, iSamoa igcina isiko elicebile lezingubo zomkhosi kuhlobene nesikhundla senhlalo kanye neziqu ezithi matai (amakhosi). Izingubo kulezi zimo azigcini nje ngokuhlobisa: ziveza isikhundla, inhlonipho yokhokho, kanye nendima yomuntu ngamunye emphakathini.
I-Las i-taupouAmadodakazi ezinduna eziphezulu ayizici ezibalulekile emikhosini nasemidansweni. Isigqoko sabo esiyinhloko yi- I-TuigaI-tuiga uhlobo lomqhele noma umhlobiso ohlotshisiwe owenziwe ngendlela engokomfanekiso kakhulu, ngezinwele zokhokho noma izihlobo ezishonile. Ukugqoka i-tuiga kusho, ngandlela-thile, ukuthwala ekhanda lakho amandla nenkumbulo yalabo abake baba khona.
Ebunzini, i-taupou isebenzisa i-tifaIbhande elihlotshiswe ngomama weparele lengeza ukukhanya okukhethekile eqenjini. Entanyeni kukhona... 'ulaImigexo yamazinyo kashaka kanye nezimpaphe iqinisa isimo sayo futhi yengeza ukuthungwa kanye nokunyakaza ekuhambeni kwayo. Bagqoka okhalweni lwabo ngi-toga, umata we-pandan oyigugu kakhulu, lapho kuhlelwa khona izimpaphe zezinyoni, okwenza isiketi esiyingqayizivele emikhosini.
Ngaphezu kwalezi zinto, abesifazane bangagqoka izimbali ngemuva kwezindlebe zabo, ezibizwa ngokuthi yebokanye nemigexo noma imihlobiso yezimbali, ebizwa nangokuthi 'ula kwezinye izimo. Le mininingwane yezimbali yengeza umbala nephunga, kodwa futhi ihlobene nobuhle bendabuko basePolynesia obubeka ukubaluleka okukhulu ezimbalini zasezindaweni ezishisayo.
I-Los tulafaleIzikhulumi noma amakhosi, abakhulumela isizwe, nabo banezingubo zabo zemicimbi ebalulekile. Bagqoka iziketi noma ama-wraps enziwe i-siapo (indwangu yamagxolo), eboshwe ngebhande elenziwe ngento efanayo, ebizwa ngokuthi fusiLezi zinto zemvelo zinikeza ukubukeka okunesizotha futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zixhumene nobuciko bendawo kanye namasu okuluka nokunyathelisa endabuko.
Izinto ezimbili azilokothi ziphuthelwe ezingutsheni ze-tulafale: to'oto'o futhi i fueEsokuqala yizisebenzi zehhovisi ezifanekisela igunya nobuholi; esesibili yi-fly whisk yomkhosi eyenziwe ngemicu ye-coconut husk elukiwe enesibambo sokhuni. Ngaphezu nje kwezinto eziwusizo, ziyizimpawu ezibonakalayo zesikhundla nendima yesikhulumi emphakathini waseSamoa.
Izingubo zendabuko zasePapua New Guinea kanye nesizwe samaHuli
Nakuba okuqukethwe okutholakalayo kugxile kakhulu eHawaii naseSamoa, uma kuxoxwa ngakho izingubo zendabuko zasePapua, Samoa naseHawaii Akunakwenzeka ingasaphathwa eyokuthi iPapua New Guinea, enye yezindawo ezinamasiko ahlukahlukene kakhulu emhlabeni. Amakhulu amaqembu ezinhlanga ahlala lapho, ngalinye linesitayela salo sendabuko sokugqoka, ikakhulukazi ngendlela ekhangayo emikhosini nasemidansweni.
Phakathi kwezizwe ezaziwa kakhulu ngezingubo zazo ezinhle kakhulu kukhona huliBavela ezindaweni eziphakeme, izingubo zabo zihlanganisa upende womzimba onemibala egqamile, iminqwazo emikhulu enezimpaphe, kanye nezinto zemvelo eziguqula noma yimuphi umbuthano womkhosi ube umbukwane obonakalayo. Lezi zingubo, ngaphandle kokuba ziheha amehlo, zibonisa ubuholi, isibindi, kanye nokuxhumana nezwe elingokomoya.
Isici esivelele kakhulu samaHuli yiso izigqoko zekhanda zezimpapheNgokuvamile zifanekisa izinyoni zasepharadesi, lezi zigqoko zekhanda zakhiwe ngesisekelo sezinwele zabantu esezisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi. Izinsizwa zikhulisa izinwele zazo, zizenze zibe ubumba nezinye izinto, futhi uma sezifinyelele isimo esifunwayo, ziyasikwa futhi ziguqulwe zibe uhlobo "lwewigi" eqinile oluzosebenza njengesisekelo sesigqoko sekhanda somkhosi.
Ubuso bupendwe ngopende imibala ephuzi, ebomvu nemhlopheukudala amaphethini agcizelela izici zobuso futhi, ezimweni eziningi, anokubaluleka kwesiko. Umzimba ungase uhlotshiswe ngamaribhoni, izimpaphe ezengeziwe, amazinyo endlovu, noma amathambo, kanye neziketi noma amalaphu enziwe ngemicu yezitshalo. Lonke iqembu lifuna ukuhlaba umxhwele abalingani kanye nezimbangi, kanye nokujabulisa imimoya ekhonzwa emikhosini ethile.
NjengaseSamoa noma eHawaii, ePapua New Guinea izinto ezisemqoka Izingubo zendabuko zenziwe ngezinsiza zemvelo: imicu, izimpaphe, imbewu, kanye nopende olususelwa ezitshalweni noma amaminerali. Kodwa-ke, isizwe ngasinye sihlanganisa lezi zinto ngezindlela ezahlukene, sakha izitayela eziningi ezahlukene. Isizwe samaHuli sesibe ngesinye sezizwe ezaziwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwezwe ngenxa yemifanekiso, izithombe, kanye nemidlalo ebonisa amaqembu aphelele egqoke izingubo zawo zemikhosi, edala izigcawu ezicishe zibe ngokoqobo ngombala wazo kanye nokwakheka kwazo.
Ngokuvamile, izingubo zendabuko zasePapua ziyavela ku imikhosi, imikhosi yokuthwasa, imidanso yamaqhawe, kanye nemibuthano yezizweEmpilweni yansuku zonke, izingubo zingaba lula kakhulu futhi zibe wusizo, kodwa ngezikhathi ezikhethekile, ukuceba okugcwele kwamasiko asePapua kuyavela, kugxilwe kakhulu ezigqokweni zekhanda, upende womzimba, kanye nemihlobiso esifubeni nasezingalweni.
Zonke lezi zingubo nezingubo, kusukela esiketini samaqabunga saseHawaii kuya ku-lavalava yaseSamoa noma iminqwazo yezimpaphe zabantu baseHuli ePapua New Guinea, kudweba imephu yamasiko ePacific ethakazelisayo. Indwangu ngayinye, umgexo ngamunye, kanye nophaphe ngalunye kulandisa ingxenye yendaba yalaba bantu, kukhuluma nathi izinkolelo zokhokho, ukuhleleka komphakathi, ukuxhumana nezithunywa zevangeli kanye nokuzivumelanisa nesimanje.
Uma sibabona namuhla emincintiswaneni yamaHula, emasontweni aseSamoa noma emikhosini yasePapua, empeleni sibona ukuvela okuphilayo kwamasiko aqhubeka nokuzivuselela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izimpande zawo.