Kumasipala waseSantiponce, Sevilla, sithola enye ehamba phambili Amanxiwa amaRoma eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia: I-Itálica. Uma uthanda umlando kanye nemivubukulo, unethuba elihle lokucwila esikhathini esidlule, ngaphandle kokushiya iSpain.
Namuhla ku-Actualidad Viajes sizovakashela lezi zinsalela zemivubukulo emangalisayo, ngakho-ke ngiyakumema ukuthi uthathe vakashela amanxiwa Romanesque of Itálica.
AmaRoma eSpain
Kwakukhona isikhathi lapho i- UMbuso WamaRoma wanda kakhulu kangangokuthi wafika eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia. Fue phakathi kuka-218 BC kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Ngaphezulu nje kwamakhulu ayisithupha eminyaka yobukhona bamaRoma, okwabangela uguquko olukhulu lwendawo namasiko, ukujula okukhulu. ukwenza isiRomanization lokho bekuzomshintsha unomphela.
AmaRoma aqale afika ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-3 BC, ekulweni kwawo namaCarthaginians, phakathi neMpi Yesibili YamaPunic. Okwaqala njengesu elilula lezempi ekugcineni kwashintsha kwaba ukunqoba okubanzi kakhulu, naphezu kokumelana okunzima kwabanye abantu bendawo njengamaCantabrians noma amaLusitania. Ekugcineni, amaRoma anqoba futhi kuphela ngokungena kwamaqaba okuqala lapho ubukhona babo buqala ukuba buthaka.
AmaRoma afika nendlela yawo yokuphila, umnotho wawo, imithetho yawo, isiko lawo, umbono wawo wonke womhlaba wafika. Kwakhiwa amadolobha nemigwaqo, kwafika abokufika banikezwa umhlaba. Konke ngenqubo eqinile eyathatha amakhulu eminyaka.
Khona-ke ukuntengantenga kombuso kwakuzokwenzeka futhi Ukuhlasela kwama-Barbarian, kanye nayo yonke inqubo ezogcina iholele ku I-Visigothic Hispania kanye nezahluko ezilandelayo emlandweni wensimu eyayizogcina iyiSpain.
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Leli dolobha laseRoma Yasungulwa ngo-206 BC futhi yaba yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kokubamba iziqu ezinkulu. Kwakungu idolobha lokuqala eyasungulwa e-Hispania futhi eyokuqala yasungulwa ngaphandle kwendawo yase-Italy. Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yesibili YamaPunic (iRoma ngokumelene neCarthage), amanye amasosha alimele, ikakhulukazi avela enhlonhlweni yase-Italy, azinza edolobheni laseTurdetan elikhona, nakuba namuhla igama lalo lokuqala lingaziwa.
Phakathi kokuphela kwekhulu lokuqala kanye nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-2, i-Itálica yayinomzuzu wayo wenkazimulo enkulu. Bobabili uTrajan noHadrian babengababusi abazalelwa lapha, ngakho uxhumano lwalunzima futhi ngokungangabazeki babephana edolobheni labo lokuzalwa, kodwa KwakunguHadrian owayenza ikoloni wabe eseyihlobisa ngemisebenzi eminingi yomphakathi.
Ukukhula kwedolobha lase-Itálica, okuhlonzwe njenge Izindawo zokuhlala e- Nova, unesignesha ka-Hadrian futhi yilokho namuhla okwaziwa ngokuthi Indawo Yemivubukulo yase-Italica. Ingxenye endala, i Amadolobha amadala, namuhla ingaphansi kwedolobha laseSantiponce, kodwa ambalwa amanxiwa aseRoma asele lapho.
Vakashela amanxiwa e-Romanesque e-Itálica
Amanxiwa emivubukulo yase-Italica Baseduze kakhulu neSeville, amakhilomitha ayi-7 nje kuphela, ngakho-ke kungenye yokuvakasha kwezivakashi okuhle kakhulu ongakwenza kulelo dolobha. Kukhona, nokho, izindlela ezimbalwa zokufinyelela ukuvakasha: ukuvakasha komphakathi kanye nokuvakasha kwangasese.
Yiziphi izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu zamanxiwa? Lonke ukuvakasha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kusesidlangalaleni noma kwangasese, kuzokusa ukuze ubone i-amphitheatre kuqala. Inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseRoma yakhiwa cishe ngo-138 AD, ngesikhathi soMbusi uHadrian ekhuthaze imisebenzi yengqalasizinda emisha nengcono nesimanje edolobheni.
Le amphitheatre Yayinomthamo wezibukeli ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-25, ezindlini zayo ezinamazinga amathathu kanye nomgodi ongaphansi komhlaba phakathi. Ngokusobala, izimpi ezidumile ze-gladiator, izethulo zokulwa kwezempi noma ukuzingela kwezilwane zasendle kwenzeka lapha. Indawo enhle ngempela futhi ukuba lapho awukwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ukhumbule amamuvi afana neGladiator noma uBen-Hur.
I-amphitheatre ilandelwa Ithiyetha yaseRoma, umsebenzi omdala wobunjiniyela bomphakathi endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi. Isenkabeni yedolobha laseSantiponce, ngakho-ke ihlukile kwamanye amanxiwa ngoba ayifani nayo ncamashi.
Yakhiwa ngaphambili kancane, phakathi kwekhulu lokuqala BC kanye no-1 AD, ngezikhathi ezingasekho zikaHadrian kodwa zika-Augustus. Izitendi zatholakala kuphela ngeminyaka yawo-'40s wekhulunyaka lama-2011 futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke imivubukulo eminingi nokubuyiselwa kwenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngo-XNUMX indawo endala izoba yingxenye, indlunkulu eyengeziwe, I-Itálica International Dance Festival. Ngakho-ke uma uya ehlobo, phakathi kukaJuni noJulayi, ungabona imibukiso ye-flamenco, umdanso wakudala, umdanso wasemadolobheni nokuningi lapha.
Idolobha laseRoma belingeke libe njalo uma lingenawo okugeza, akunjalo? Ngakho, ku vakashela amanxiwa Romanesque of Itálica uzobona amasethi amabili okugeza omphakathi: Amabhati Amakhulu kanye Namabhavu Amancane. Laba bakamuva basedolobheni elidala, kuyilapho abaKhulu besendaweni entsha yomuzi. Amabhavu Amancane asambiwa kancane nanamuhla, endaweni engamamitha-skwele ayi-1.500 lapho izakhiwo ze- i-frigidarium, i-caldarium kanye ne-tepidarium.
Amabhavu Amakhulu makhulu kakhulu futhi bayindawo cishe 32 XNUMX square metres. Lapha, ngaphezu kwamachibi okubhukuda, ungakwazi kakade ukuhlukanisa izakhiwo ze-shroud, amahhavini angaphansi komhlaba, i-sauna, amakamelo okushintsha, indawo yokuzivocavoca kanye negumbi lokusikhipha umzimba, isibonelo.
Kodwa ngale kwenkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi kanye nemithombo yamanzi ashisayo umuntu angakubona izindlu nezakhiwo ezizimele, okusenza sicabange ukuthi ukuphila kwakunjani lapha emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule. Izindlu, izakhiwo kanye nemigwaqo egandayiwe ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu. Izindlu eziningi zinkulu futhi zikanokusho, ezemindeni yama-patrician, izicukuthwane noma omakadebona bezempi abacebile. Ngakho, bahlukanisa Indlu ye-Exedra, iNdlu kaHylas, iNdlu yaseNeptune noma iNdlu yezinyoni, izigodlo zangempela ezihlotshiswe ngamakholomu amahle, izithombe eziqoshiwe zemabula nemifanekiso emihle.
Ikhuluma ngama-mosaics... ama-mosaics aseRoma Bahlale benobuhle obukhulu futhi esimweni se I-Italica mosaics Abasali emuva. Lapha zenziwe nge-marble tesserae encane enemibala eminingi. Zivela phansi ezindlini eziphakeme kakhulu, isibonelo sine I-Planetarium house mosaic: Kuyi-mosaic enomklamo wezindondo eziyisikhombisa, eyodwa ekaCronus, enye eka-Uranus, uPoseidon, u-Aphrodite, uGaia, u-Ares noHermes.
Enye i-Italica mosaic eyaziwa kakhulu yile I-Labyrinth Mosaic, onomfanekiso kaTheseus phakathi nendawo, ngaphakathi kweNdlu yaseNeptune; noma i Izinyoni zikaMose ku-acsa yegama elifanayo, elimelela kahle izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingu-33.
Isikhathi esihle sokwenza a vakashela amanxiwa Romantic of Itálica Ukhisimusi. Yebo, i ngakho-ke Kubuye kugujwe lapha ngakho-ke uma uphuthelwe kulo nyaka, kufanele unake imikhosi ezayo. Ngo-2023 kwakukhona Uhambo oluqondisiwe olwenziwe idrama olugcizelela iSaturnalia, imikhosi yokuhlonipha uSaturn, kuhambisana ne-solstice yasebusika. Lokhu kuvakasha kwakuhlanganisa ukuba khona kwabadayisi basemgwaqweni ababenezinto zamaRoma ezithengiswayo ezazinikelwa kule mikhosi yasendulo. Bekungokubekisa.
Kwakukhona futhi Ama-workshop kaKhisimusi omndeni ezakhiwe ngazo i-tintinabula, ukukhala komoya okwakulengiswe ezingadini nakuvulandi we-domus nasezitolo ukuze kuxoshwe imimoya emibi.
Ulwazi olusebenzayo lokuvakashela amanxiwa ase-Itálica:
- Ikheli: I-Avenida de Extremadura 2, 41970 Santiponce, Seville.
- Uhlelo: kusukela ngoMashi 21 kuya kuJuni 20, vula ngoLwesibili, ngoLwesithathu nangoLwesine kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-6 ntambama. NgoLwesihlanu nangoMgqibelo kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-9 ebusuku. NgeSonto, amaholide kanye neMisombuluko ngaphambi kwamaholide kuvulwa kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-3 ntambama. Kuvalwa ngeMisombuluko, ngaphandle kwangaphambi kweholidi. Kusukela ngoJuni 21 kuya kuSepthemba 20 kuvulwa kusukela ngoLwesibili kuya ngoMgqibelo kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuye ku-3 ntambama kanti okunye kusuka ngo-9 ekuseni kuye ku-3 ntambama. Kusukela ngo-September 21 kuya ku-March 20, vula ngoLwesibili kuya ngoMgqibelo kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-6 ntambama. NgeSonto, amaholide kanye noMsombuluko ngosuku olwandulele kusukela ngo-9 ekuseni kuya ku-3 ntambama. Amaholide avuliwe ngoFebhuwari 28, Mashi 28, Mashi 29, Agasti 15, Okthoba 12, Novemba 1, Disemba 6 noDisemba 8. Kuvaliwe ngoJanuwari 1 no-6, Meyi 1, Disemba 24, 25 no-31.
- entry: Uma uyisakhamuzi sase-EU ufaka mahhala, ngaphandle kwalokho ukhokha ama-euro angu-1. Ukuvakasha okuqondisiwe kubiza ama-euro angama-50 umuntu ngamunye ngaphandle kwezinto zokuhamba kanye nama-20 ngezinto zokuhamba.
- Izincwajana zolwazi zilethwa ngesiNgisi nangeSpanishi.
- Ungahamba kanjani: Ungahamba ngebhasi usuka e-Rotonda Pañoleta. Uthatha umugqa 1720 ubheke eSantiponce. Ngemoto emgwaqeni u-SE-30/E-803 ohlangothini olufanayo.
- Kufanele ubale ukuvakasha kwamahora ama-2.