IGrisi iyindawo okungafanele isihambi siyiphuthe. Inayo yonke into: ukudla okumangalisayo, umlando ocebile, isiko eliqhakazile, kanye nezindawo zemivubukulo ezifana nezaseGibhithe kuphela. Enye yalezi yiDelphi , futhi akumangalisi ukuthi i-UNESCO iyimemezele njengeNdawo Yefa Lomhlaba.
Sonke sesizwile nge- Oracle of Delphi ngesinye isikhathi, akunjalo? Ukubhula, ukufundwa kwekusasa, ama-alamu… Ngaphandle kwalezi zindaba ezivela e-Antiquity, noma mhlawumbe ngenxa yazo ngqo, iqiniso liwukuthi kuyindawo ongeke uyiphuthelwe.
UDelphi
Namuhla leli dolobha litholakala kwenye yezintaba zeNtaba iParnassus , eduze kakhulu nendawo edumile ye-oracle nendawo engcwele yase-Apollo, eduze kwedolobha laseKastri futhi lingamakhilomitha ayi-15 kuphela ukusuka eGulf of Corinth.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, indawo yayo eyayiphakathi kwezintaba zasezintabeni yayikwenza kube nzima ukuyifinyelela, ngakho-ke kwakukhona imigwaqo emithathu eyayingena kuyo: ukusuka e-Amphissa, ukusuka eCrissa, kanye nokusuka eBoeotia. Kwakuyidolobha elincane, elivikelwe kahle yindawo ngokwayo, kodwa nodonga lwalwakhiwe nxazonke.
Le ndawo yaziwa ngokuthi yayiyindawo engcwele ngisho nangaphambi kwamaGreki asendulo. UHomer wathi le ndawo yasungulwa ngu-Apollo , owayefuna ukusungula enye eduze kweNtaba iParnassus, wayithanda indawo futhi wakha ithempeli. Vele, ngaphambi kokwenza lokho, waqinisekisa ukuthi ususa izinyoka nezilo endaweni, waqasha abapristi phakathi kwamaKrethe, futhi wahlela yonke into. Noma basho kanjalo.
Iqiniso liwukuthi, ekuqaleni, idolobha laseCrisa lalibusa indawo engcwele kanye nendawo engcwele, kodwa ekugcineni elinye idolobha laqala ukuma eceleni kwendawo engcwele, futhi ngesikhathi esithile, lafuna ukuthatha izintambo: iDelphi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iDelphi yaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kuneCrisa kanye nechweba layo, yaguquka yaba umbuso wedolobha onamandla . Abapristi bendawo engcwele bakhethwa ezicukuthwaneni zendawo, okwakuthiwa bavela eDorian, kanye nababusi bayo.
Kwakungekho intando yeningi lapha, noma yini enjalo. Uhulumeni waseDelphi wawuyintando yeningi, njengoba konke kwakudlula ethempelini nasekukhulekeleni kwalo. Izwe lalisetshenziswa yizigqila, futhi abapristi babethola izipho neminikelo evela emakhosini nabathengisi abacebile ababeya esigodlweni. Akukho lutho esingalwazi. Lesi sigodlweni sasidumile kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi , ngakho-ke lapho sisha ngo-548 BC, kwanqunywa ukuba sakhiwe kabusha ngobuhle obukhulu nakakhulu.
Kwabe sekufika amaPheresiya, ukuzamazama komhlaba okubhubhisayo, ukuphoqelelwa kokuhlala (njengoba ingcebo yethempeli yayikhanga kakhulu kwabaningi), okunye ukuphanga, kwathi ekugcineni uNero, owathatha amakhulu ezithombe, wasabalalisa izindawo phakathi kwamasosha akhe, futhi waqeda i-oracle. Kwahlala isikhathi eside ngosizo lukaHadrian, kodwa ekugcineni, uTheodosius I wavimbela ukukhulekela kobuqaba ngo-385. Ngokufika kobuKristu, kancane kancane kwaphela ekukhohlweni nasekunganakwa.
Ukuvubukulwa kwezinto zakudala kwaqala ngekhulu le-XNUMX ezandleni zamaJalimane futhi sikweleta okuningi okutholakele okuhlaba umxhwele nokuvubukula kwamanje okuqhubeka ezandleni zeFrench School of Athens.
Yini ongayibona eDelphi
Indawo yemivubukulo inezindawo ezimbili ezingcwele, enye enikelwe ku-Athena kanti enye enikelwe ku-Apollo , kanye nezinye izakhiwo. Uma ufika ngqo usuka e-Athene, into yokuqala oyibonayo yiSanctuary ka-Athena Pronaia, ngaphambi kweThempeli lika-Apollo. Ngaphandle kwezindonga kukhona indawo yokuhlala yaseDelphi, kodwa ngaphakathi kwezindonga kukhona iTholos, manje eseyisibonakaliso sesiqhingi, kanye nezinsalela zamathempeli amathathu anikelwe kunkulunkulukazi.
Kunamathempeli amabili amadala asukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-7 kanye no-500 BC. Ithempeli lesithathu, elenziwe ngetshe le-limestone, labhujiswa ukuzamazama komhlaba ngo-373 BC. Indawo engcwele ihlanganisa nama-altare kaZeus, u-Athena Ergane, u-Athena Zosteria, u-Eileithyia kanye no-Hygeia, kanye nezinsalela zezakhiwo ezimbili ezinikezelwe enkolweni yamaqhawe endawo axosha amaPheresiya esiqhingini, i-Autonos kanye ne-Phylakos.
Okuhlobene nalesi senzakalo somlando kukhona nesikhumbuzo, isithombe soMbusi uHadrian , kanye nesakhiwo esaziwa ngokuthi "iNdlu YabaPristi." Ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeSanctuary yase-Athena kukhona i- gymnasium, i-palaestra, kanye namabhati okugeza. Ngaphezu kwalokho egqumeni kwakukhona umthombo, umthombo ongcwele waseDelphi, lapho abahambi babevame ukuphuza khona nokuzihlanza ngaphambi kokuya e-ocracy.
Nokho, inhliziyo yale ndawo yiSanctuary of Apollo , yona ngokwayo ezungezwe udonga olunomnyango omkhulu eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ukusuka lapha kuqala iNdlela Engcwele, noma indlela, eholela eThempelini lika-Apollo, lapho umpristikazi ethula khona iziprofetho zakhe. Amathala okwenziwa anezindonga ezinkulu nama-veranda avuleka kuzo zombili izinhlangothi, futhi izikhumbuzo eziningi ezinikezelwe kubantu abacebile nakonkulunkulu bamaGreki zingabonakala.
Zonke lezi yizikhumbuzo, ezinye zazo zinhle kakhulu, ezikhombisa izinga lobuciko lezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kanye nengcebo yalabo abakuthumele njengokubonga i-oracle. Kukhona ngisho nethusi noma isiliva, imabula enhle kakhulu, futhi inokunethezeka kakhulu.
Le ndawo iyamangalisa ngempela futhi iphelele, futhi kumelwe ukuba yayinhle kakhulu ngesikhathi isetshenziswa. Cabanga nje, ngaphezu kwethempeli kwakukhona inkundla yemidlalo lapho kwakuqhudelana khona umculo nemidlalo yeshashalazi, futhi phezulu kakhulu, kwakukhona inkundla yemidlalo yezemidlalo . Kuhle kakhulu! Engeza kulokho izinsalela zamathuna ezikhathini zeClassical kanye nezamaRoma ezingaphandle naseduze kwezindawo ezingcwele, futhi uzochitha isikhathi eside uhambahamba, uthatha izithombe, futhi ucabanga.
Ungafika kanjani eDelphi? Idolobha lanamuhla laseDelphi lisemgwaqweni oxhumanisa i-Amphisa ne-Itea ne-Arachova. Izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba ziyavakashela ngoba indawo yemivubukulo iseduze kakhulu. I- Archaeological Museum yaseDelphi inazo zonke izimpahla zayo eziyigugu. I-Delphi iqhele ngamahora amabili ukusuka e-Athens ngemoto. Njengoba i-Delphi isesesendaweni ekude, ingafinyeleleka kuphela ngomgwaqo , futhi kungcono ukuhlanganisa uhambo nokuvakashela ezinye izindawo, njengeMeteora kanye nezindela zayo.
Ungaqasha imoto noma ugibele ibhasi. Umzila wase-Athens-Delphi ukhonzwa amabhasi ayisithupha ngosuku. Amabhasi asuka e-Terminal B e-Liossion Street e-Athens kusukela ngo-7:30 ekuseni kuya ku-8 ebusuku. Linda cishe amahora amathathu ohambo.