Kukhona uhla olukhulu lwezintaba olunqamula ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu: i-Alps . Izintaba zakhona zinhle kakhulu, futhi eziningi zazo zidumile, ziyizindawo zokuvakasha, futhi zidwetshwe ngemidwebo, izindaba, kanye nezindaba ezingenakubalwa.
Ake sithole namuhla ukuthi zinjani i-Alps nokuthi zisiphatheleni izindawo ezinhle kakhulu.
Izintaba ze-Alps
Izintaba zase-Alps zinde cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-1200, zinqamula amazwe ayisishiyagalombili ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga kulo lonke izwekazi laseYurophu. Amakhilomitha amaningi lawo angase abonakale sengathi maningi, kodwa empeleni, awade kangako, futhi athatha ingxenye encane yezintaba ezingaqhubeki eziqala ezintabeni zase-Atlas eNyakatho Afrika kuya eHimalayas e-Asia, zinqamula iYurophu.
Ama-Alps asukela enyakatho, kusukela ogwini lwaseMedithera eduze kwaseNice, eFrance, kuya eLake Geneva, bese ephendukela empumalanga-mpumalanga eya eVienna. Lapho ahlangana neDanube emahlathini aseVienna bese enyamalala emathafeni. Yimaphi amazwe ama-Alps ahambahambayo? IFrance, i-Italy, iSwitzerland, iJalimane, i-Austria, iSlovenia, iCroatia, iBosnia neHerzegovina, iMontenegro, iSerbia, ne-Albania . Kulawa, yi-Austria neSwitzerland kuphela ezingabhekwa njengezizwe zase-Alpine.
Izintaba zase-Alps zimboza cishe amakhilomitha-skwele angu-207 futhi ngokungangabazeki zingenye yezimpawu zezwekazi. Noma kunjalo, azinakuqhathaniswa nhlobo nezintaba ezakha cishe inani elifanayo lezigidi zeminyaka edlule, njengezintaba ezinkulu zase-Andes noma zase-Himalaya. Kodwa iYurophu iphakathi kweYurophu, okuchaza ukuthi kungani lezi zintaba ngezinye izikhathi zithandwa kakhulu kunezinye.
I-Alps ibilokhu futhi isaqhubeka nokuba yiwona amandla ashukumisayo ngemuva kwezomnotho eziningi zezwe. Nakuba umnotho wawungowokufuya amakhulu eminyaka, kusukela ngekhulu le-19 imboni ibilokhu ibusa, ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezinikezwa yizintaba ngokwazo: amatshe ensimbi, amanzi asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi, i-aluminium, imboni yamakhemikhali, insimbi… Futhi, kungani kungenjalo, ezokuvakasha, imboni engenantuthu.
Kodwa imvelaphi yama-Alps ikuphi? Lolu hlu lwezintaba lwakhiwa phakathi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-65 nezingama-44 eyedlule , ekupheleni kweNkathi yeMesozoic. Iphrofayili yokuqala yejiyoloji yaguqulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-glaciation, isibonelo, yakha kakhulu ama-Alps, yakha iziqongo ezinhle kakhulu, izigodi ezibanzi nezijulile, izimpophoma, amachibi ajulile, amagquma, nokuningi. ILake Constance, isifunda saseSalzkammergut, iStaubbach Falls, iMatterhorn, kanye neGrossglockner, phakathi kwezinye izici, kwakhiwa phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Ngakho-ke, namuhla ama-Alps ahlukaniswe yi-Western Alps, i-Central Alps, kanye nezingxenye ze-Eastern Alps eziyizintaba ezihlukile. Ama-Western Alps aqala enyakatho ogwini lolwandle, anqamula eningizimu-mpumalanga yeFrance kanye nenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Italy abheke eLake Geneva kanye neRhône Valley eSwitzerland. Lapha kukhona ama-Alps aphansi aseMaritime, eduze noLwandle iMedithera, kanye neVerdon Gorge ejulile, kanye neziqongo ezibandayo zeMercantour Massif kanye neMont Blanc , ngamamitha angu-4.807, okuyiqongo eliphakeme kakhulu kuzo zonke i-Alps.
I -Central Alps isukela eSt. Bernard Pass, empumalanga yeMont Blanc kanye nasemngceleni weSwitzerland ne-Italy, kuya esifundeni saseSplügen Pass, enyakatho yeLake Como. Le ndawo ihlanganisa iziqongo ezidumile njengeMatterhorn , iFinsteraarhorn, iWeisshorn, kanye neDufourspitze , zonke eziphakeme kakhulu. Ihlanganisa namachibi eqhwa aseMaggiore naseComo, ageleza eMfuleni iPo.
Ama -Eastern Alps, ngokwawo, ahlanganisa iRätische Range eSwitzerland, ama-Bavarian Alps eJalimane nasentshonalanga ye-Austria, amaDolomites e-Italy, amaJulian Alps enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Italy nasenyakatho yeSlovenia, izintaba zaseTauern e-Austria, kanye namaDinaric Alps eNhlonhlweni yaseBalkan. Imifula kulesi sifunda ihlanganisa uMur, iDrau, iSava, iSalzach, ama-Enns kanye neLake Garda.
Iqiniso liwukuthi i-Alps inesimo sendawo esihlukahlukene kakhulu: izintaba eziphakeme kakhulu zisentshonalanga, eMont Blanc massif kanye neFinsterahorn massif, indawo yeMonte Rosa noma iWeisshorn massif. Kodwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi izwe ngalinye linentaba yalo ephakeme kakhulu ye-Alps. Isibonelo? Nokho, e-Austria yiGrossglockner, eJalimane yiZugspitze, kanye naseSlovenia yiTriglav.
Kodwa akuyona nje indawo yezintaba zase-Alps ehlukahlukene, kodwa futhi nesimo sezulu . Ukwehluka kokuphakama kuholela ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, hhayi nje phakathi kwezintaba kodwa futhi nangaphakathi kobubanzi obufanayo. Izintaba zase-Alps zithinteka kakhulu yizimo ezine zezulu: isimo sezulu esinomswakama nesifudumele esivela entshonalanga, isimo sezulu esibandayo nesisenyakatho, isimo sezulu esomile nesibandayo esivela empumalanga esiletha ihlobo elishisayo, kanye nomoya ofudumele waseMedithera ovela eningizimu.
Manje, sinesithakazelo kwezokuvakasha lapha, ngakho... yini i-Alps enikeza abahambi? Nokho, kusukela ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, ezokuvakasha bezilokhu zikhula, futhi amazwe ancintisana ukuheha izivakashi. Kunezindawo zokushushuluza eqhweni ezingaba ngu-600 e-Alps, kanti ezingu-270 zazo zise-Austria kuphela. Nakuba umuntu engase ahlobanise izintaba nezokuvakasha zasebusika, kukhona nokuvakasha okuningi kwasehlobo, ngakho-ke kulungile ukusho ukuthi kunezindawo eziningi umnotho wazo ogxile kwezokuvakasha.
Ngenhlanhla, izinkinga zokuhamba seziyinto yesikhathi esidlule . Izindlela zendabuko zokudlula ezintabeni ziye zahlanganiswa yimigwaqo, imigwaqo emikhulu, izitimela, imigudu, kanye nezindiza, ngakho namuhla akukho ndawo eya e-Alps engafinyeleleki.
Ungayaphi e-Alps? IJalimane inezindawo eziningi ezinhle e-Bavarian Alps. Isizini yokushushuluza isuka ekupheleni kukaDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli, kanye nehlobo kusukela ekupheleni kukaMeyi kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Indawo enkulu kunazo zonke yokungcebeleka kule ndawo yiGarmisch - Partenkirchen , indawo evamile yokuphumula eBavarian, kodwa ungavakashela ne-Oberstdorf, Füssen, kanye neBerchtesgaden.
Uma uqasha imoto, enye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zasezintabeni yiGerman Alpine Road, eqhele ngamakhilomitha angu-450 ukusuka eLindau eLake Constance kuya eSchönau. Ama-Alps e- Austria anikeza izindawo ezinhle zaseDanube Valley kanye nePannonian Plain, kanye namadolobha namadolobha anezithombe. ESlovenia, ama-Alps noLwandle iMedithera kuhlangana nePannonian Plain efanayo, futhi kunemihume, amahlathi, izigodi, amagquma, izimpophoma, amachibi nezintaba ongahlola kuzo.
EFrance , i - Alps nayo idala izindawo ezinhle, ezinemizi nezinqaba; e -Italy , izimangaliso zilandelana, kodwa njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, uma ufuna izindawo ezinhle zasezintabeni ezicishe zibe yi-100% kuphela, khona-ke... indawo oya kuyo yiSwitzerland!
ISwitzerland inezintaba ezinhle kakhulu, izitimela ezinamasondo amakhulu, izimoto zekhebula, iziqongo ze-ski ezinemibhoshongo ebanzi, izindawo zokungcebeleka zikanokusho nezingabizi kakhulu, amadolobha axubile, kanye neqoqo elikhulu lamasiko. Noma ngabe ukhetha ini, ngicabanga ukuthi kusobala ukuthi njengendawo yaseYurophu, ebusika noma ehlobo, i-Alps iyindlela engcono kakhulu.