Namuhla izwe lanamuhla lizikhethele izimangaliso zalo, kodwa ngokomlando izimangaliso zezwe lasendulo yizona ezaziwa kakhulu futhi lezo ezivuse umcabango wethu sonke.
Ubani ongakaze aphuphe ngokuhamba eZingadini Ezilenga zaseBhabhiloni, ukubona iLighthouse yase-Alexandria ikhanya, noma ukuma phansi kweColossus yaseRhodes, isibonelo? Namuhla sizokhuluma ngalesi simangaliso sokugcina, isithombe esikhulu esasimi esiqhingini saseRhodes, eGrisi.
Rhodes
IRhodes iyisiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke eDodecanese , esisogwini lwaseTurkey futhi siwela uhla lwezintaba ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Inezinkulungwane zeminyaka yomlando, njengoba ihlalwe yimiphakathi eminingi, okuhlanganisa amaMinoan, amaDorian, amaGreki, amaRoma, amaByzantine, amaOttoman, namaNtaliyane.
Idolobha laseRhodes lasendulo selimenyezelwe njengeNdawo Yefa Lomhlaba futhi namuhla, nakuba lingasami njengoba lalinjalo ngaphambili, lesi siqhingi sithandwa kakhulu yiColossus yaseRhodes.
IColossus yaseRhodes
Indaba ye-colossus iqala ngokuvinjezelwa kweRhodes nguDemetrius Poliorketes , owalandela u-Alexander Omkhulu, cishe ngo -305 BC. UDemetrius wanqotshwa , kwathi lapho eshiya iRhodes, washiya yonke imishini yokuvinjezelwa. Abanqobi, bona, banquma ukukhumbula ubuqhawe babo nokunqoba kwabo ngokwakha isithombe esikhulu sikankulunkulu wabo abamthandayo: uHelios , unkulunkulu welanga.
Kubonakala sengathi umsebenzi wawela kumqophi uChares waseLindos, umfundi kaLysippos (owayephinde abe nomthwalo wemfanelo wesithombe sikaZeus esingamamitha ayi-19), futhi kwathatha iminyaka eyishumi nambili ukuqeda umsebenzi. IColossus yaseRhodes yayinesisekelo semabula emhlophe , futhi izinyawo zeColossus zazinamathele kuso kuqala. Ngakho-ke, kancane kancane, isithombe saqala ukuma phezulu ngezingxenye zangaphandle zethusi eziqiniswe ngensimbi netshe emathanjeni aso. Njengoba sasikhula, kwakudingeka izindonga, ngakho-ke kwakukhona inqubo eqhubekayo yokuhlanganisa nokuhlakaza izakhiwo ze-scaffolding.
Abakhi bakhetha ithusi, ingxubevange yethusi nensimbi, ukunakekela lesi sithombe. Kodwa-ke, i-colossus yayinamathambo wensimbi futhi kwafakwa izingcwecwe zethusi phezu kwayo, impela enamandla kunensimbi futhi engamelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, kulokhu umoya namanzi agcwele usawoti.
IColossus yaseRhodes yayingamamitha angu-33 ubude kodwa yahlala iminyaka engaba ngu-56 kuphela. Ngo-266 BC, isiqhingi saseRhodes sabhekana nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu . Idolobha lonakaliswe kabi, kanti iColossus ngokwayo yaphuka endaweni yayo ebuthaka kakhulu, iqakala layo. Ngaleso sikhathi, lesi siqhingi sasinobudlelwano obuhle nababusi baseGibhithe, ngakho uPtolemy III wanikela ngokukhokhela izindleko zokuvuselelwa kwaso.
Kodwa-ke, izakhamuzi zasesiqhingini zaya embonweni, i -Oracle yaseDelphi edumile , futhi yabatshela ukuthi ukuvuselelwa kwakungewona umqondo omuhle. Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni, isiqhingi senqaba isipho somusa sombusi waseGibhithe. Ngakho-ke, iColossus yahlala iyincithakalo isikhathi eside... cishe, cishe kuze kube phakade, njengoba ingakaze yakhiwe kabusha . Okuningi kwalokho esikwaziyo ngakho kuza kithi ngamazwi kaPliny Omdala, owathi "ngisho noma ilele phansi, iyisimangaliso."
Iqiniso liwukuthi iColossus yaseRhodes yahlala iyincithakalo iminyaka ecishe ibe yinkulungwane . Ngo-654 AD, ama-Arabhu ahlasela isiqhingi saseRhodes futhi awazange anqikaze ukudiliza okwakusele kwesifanekiso futhi athengisele amaJuda aseSiriya izinto zokwakha. Indaba isisindile kuze kube namuhla ukuthi yayithuthwa ngamakamela angu-900. Ingabe kwakungenzeka lokho? Yeka umbono!
Iqiniso liwukuthi lesi simangaliso sezwe lasendulo sahlala isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka futhi sahlala singamanxiwa isikhathi esingama-90% sokuba khona kwaso. Noma kunjalo, sasimangalisa kangangokuthi saba yingxenye yeqembu elikhethiwe lezimangaliso zezwe lasendulo. Izithombe eziningi esizibonayo, ukwakhiwa kabusha, zisibeka echwebeni laseMandraki , elinye lamachweba amaningi esiqhingi, kodwa lokhu kunzima ukukukholwa uma ubheka ubukhulu besakhiwo.
Njengoba iphakeme futhi inesisindo, akunakwenzeka kakhulu, uma kungenakwenzeka, ukuthi yakhiwe lapho. Ngisho nezingcezu eziphukile kufanele ukuthi zawela emanzini ngemva kokuzamazama komhlaba, ngakho-ke izifundo zakamuva zibonisa ukuthi yakhiwe endaweni ethile eduze kwechweba noma ngaphakathi ezweni . Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikuphi indawo, ngokuqinisekile yayingekho esangweni lechweba ngokwalo.
Uma sicabanga ngazo zonke izimangaliso zaleso sikhathi, okuwukuphela kwayo esamile yiGreat Pyramid of Giza eGibhithe. Kuyihlazo. Nokho, ngo-2008 uhulumeni wesiqhingi wamemezela ukuthi ucabanga ngokujulile ukwakha iColossus entsha , engeke ibe yinto efanayo, kodwa into yesimanje futhi elula. Kwakukhona ngisho nokukhulunywa ngomqophi wayo, umJalimane uGert Hof, owayezosebenza eCologne esebenzisa izikhali ezincibilikisiwe ezivela emhlabeni wonke.
Lokho kwakungo-2008, kodwa ngo-2015 kwavela enye indaba mayelana neqembu labakhi bezakhiwo baseYurophu ababehlose ukwakha enye iColossus, bexhumanisa amachweba emnyango wechweba, bengayinaki imvumelwano evamile yokuthi le ndawo ethile yayingeyona eyasekuqaleni, futhi yayingeyona efanele, futhi yayingeyona engenzeka kakhulu. Kwakukhona inkulumo ngesithombe esingamamitha angu-150 ubude, esiphindwe kahlanu kunesokuqala, esakhiwe ngeminikelo futhi sihlanganisa nomtapo wolwazi, isibani esisebenza ngamaphaneli elanga, nezinye izinsiza.
Okwamanje, njengoba ungase ucabange, akukho phrojekthi eqhubekile. Kodwa lokho akufanele kube yisizathu sokungayi eRhodes! Eqinisweni, lesi siqhingi siyindawo enhle kakhulu yokuvakasha , enezindawo eziningi zomlando namabhishi amahle. Ukuba seRhodes kufana nokubuyela emuva esikhathini: kunezinqaba, izinqaba, amasonto aseByzantine kanye nezindela, i-acropolis yaseLindos, umbhoshongo wewashi wasendulo, i-acropolis yaseRhodes…
Futhi ukuphetha, iSigodlo seNkosi Enkulu yaseRhodes sinombukiso obizwa ngokuthi "iRhodes Yasendulo, Iminyaka Engu-2400 ." Isakhiwo ngokwaso siyigugu, sinesitezi esiphansi sekhulu lesi-7 kanye nezitezi eziphezulu zesikhathi esiphakathi ezifihliwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo sesimanje kusukela ngawo-1940. Lo mbukiso uthatha amakamelo angu-12 futhi uqala ngo-1993, iminyaka engu-2400 yokusungulwa kwedolobha. Iqoqo lihle kakhulu futhi manje liyingxenye yombukiso ohlala njalo wemyuziyamu.