Iziteshi zesitimela ezinhle kakhulu eSpain

Abaningi be iziteshi zesitimela amahle kakhulu eSpain bangesikhathi lapho ujantshi kwaba izinto zokuhamba eziyinhloko. Lawa mandla, aqondana cishe nengxenye yesithathu yokugcina yekhulu le-XNUMX kanye nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX, akwenza kudingeke ukuba kwakhiwe izakhiwo ezinkulu zabagibeli nezinqola.

Kodwa labo ababebhekele lezi zakhiwo babenganelisekile ngokuzenza zisebenze. Kwakuyisikhathi lapho, ngaphezu kwalokho, bafuna ukuhamba ilebula yobuciko. Ngenxa yalokho, iziteshi zesitimela ezinhle kakhulu eSpain ziye zahlala, okuyizi izimangaliso zezakhiwo zangempela ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa inani layo lokusebenza. Sizokukhombisa ezinye zazo.

Isiteshi seCanfranc

Siqala uhambo lwethu kwesinye seziteshi izifanekiselo kakhulu yaseSpain, okuyinto, ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla esetshenziselwa izinkonzo zabagibeli kuphela. Nokho, yakhiwe ukuze kube isitobhi sokugcina kulayini ukuthi uzohlangana neMadrid EFrance ngokusebenzisa I-Aragón futhi ngenxa yakhe Umhubhe weSomport, cishe amamitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili ukuphakama.

Yavulwa ngo-1928 futhi inobukhulu obukhulu. Njengesiteshi sasemngceleni, kwakudingeka ibe namagceke kaloliwe amageji amabili ahlukene, izindawo zokuphanyeka izimpahla, nendawo yokuhlala yezisebenzi nemikhaya yazo. Kodwa futhi kwakufanele kube nezindawo zokungena, iziteshi zamaphoyisa, amaposi nezinye izinkonzo.

Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa has 241 amamitha ubude kanye nepulani elingunxande ihlukaniswe yaba imizimba emihlanu. Iphendula isitayela se I-architecture yesigodlo saseFrance kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngobuningi bamafomu e-classical, kodwa futhi nezici zezakhiwo zezimboni ezifana nensimbi nokhonkolo. Futhi, njengentela ezindlini zendawo, inophahla lwe-slate.

Ngokungangabazeki, iCanfranc ingesinye seziteshi zesitimela ezinhle kakhulu eSpain, kangangoba kuye kwaba yinkundla yabanye. amanoveli namamuvi (kukhona nenganekwane ezinye izigcawu zayo Udokotela Zhivago). Okwamanje isalungiswa ukuze ihlale i- I-Aragon Railway Museum kanye nokuwunikeza ukusetshenziswa kwamahhotela nezivakashi. Kuhlelwe nokuthi kwakhiwe izindlu nezindawo eziluhlaza.

Isiteshi saseToledo

Kuyisimangaliso izakhiwo ze-neomudejar Yavulwa ngo-1919. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, iye yamenyezelwa futhi indawo yokuthakasela amasiko futhi yabuyiselwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ukuklama kwayo kungenxa yomdwebi wezakhiwo Narciso Claveria, owakhohlwa ngomsebenzi wokudala umsebenzi wobuciko oyiqiniso.

Ihlanganisa cishe izinkulungwane eziyishumi nantathu zamamitha-skwele futhi iqukethe umzimba ophakathi kanye namaphiko amabili aphansi asemaceleni. I-façade ihlotshiswe ngama-lobed arches kanye nezinqaba. Eqinisweni, isethi yonke igcwele kakhulu ihlotshiswe ngamakhothamo e-Mudejar, ama-tile mosaics, i-latticework nezinye izici zomkhandi wegolide waseToledo ocebile.

Kodwa mhlawumbe uphawu lwayo olukhulu yilona i-clock tower, ephuma emzimbeni wesakhiwo futhi ine-grillwork ye-Mudejar. Njengamanje, lesi siteshi esihle sisebenzela ulayini wejubane eliphezulu La Sagra-Toledo, okungeyalowo osuka eMadrid uya eSeville. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, lesi sakhiwo singummeleli ofanelekayo ukukwamukela uma uzothola izimangaliso ezinkulu zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Idolobha Lamasiko Amathathu".

Isiteshi sase-Valencia North

I-Valencia ineziteshi zesitimela eziningana, kodwa enhle kunazo zonke yileso esiku-Játiva street, eduze nendawo yenkunzi futhi eseduze kakhulu neHholo Ledolobha. mdala Isiteshi saseNyakatho noma isiteshi se-Valencia-Term futhi yakhiwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-1917 izovulwa ngo-XNUMX.

Ukwakhiwa kunamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu futhi kwaklanywa umdwebi wezakhiwo UDemetrius Ribes. Nokho, yabo i-canopy yensimbi enkulu, okungamamitha angamashumi amabili nanhlanu ukuphakama, kungenxa U-Enrique Grasset. phendula ku isitayela sesimanje futhi ifaka amathonya we-neo-Gothic kanye nama-pre-rationalist avela kumdwebi omkhulu wase-Austrian U-Otto wagner. Ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: ngakolunye uhlangothi, isakhiwo sabagibeli esinohlelo olufana no-U futhi, ngakolunye, i-hangar enkulu ophahleni lwaso lusekelwa ama-arches ensimbi acacisiwe.

Ngokufanayo, i-facade eyinhloko iwuhlobo ovundlile futhi linemizimba emithathu egqamile futhi ehlotshiswe ngemibhoshongo. Ekuhlobiseni kwayo, imibala yejazi lezikhali laseValencia iyakhiwa kabusha futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, imidwebo evamile yengadi yezithelo yaseLevantine njengamawolintshi nezimbali eziwolintshi. Kuye zasetshenziswa i-ceramics ecwebezelayo, i-mosaics, imabula nengilazikanye ne trencadis athandeka kakhulu kuCatalan kanye ne-Valencian yesimanjemanje. Njengoba wazi, kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa amathayili amancane emibala ehlukene ahlanganiswe nodaka (empeleni, trencadis lingahunyushwa ngokuthi "chopped").

I-France, i-Barcelona inesinye seziteshi ezinhle kakhulu eSpain

Ohambweni lwethu lweziteshi zesitimela ezinhle kakhulu eSpain, manje sesiza kuzo Barcelona, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase I-Ciutat Vella, ukwazi esiteshini saseFrance. Yasungulwa ngo-1929 ngesikhathi somcimbi Ukuvezwa kwendawo yonke ihlelwe ngalowo nyaka yiBarcelona. Ngaleso sikhathi, yayihlanganisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe efana nezingidi zikagesi, izinqamuleli zehydraulic kanye namaphasishi angaphansi komhlaba ukuze kuthuthwe okuthengiswayo.

Kodwa okuthakazelisa kakhulu kuvela ekubukeni kwezakhiwo. Iphrojekthi yasemadolobheni yenziwa ngabakwa Eduardo Marystany, owakha isakhiwo esimise u-U esine-hangar ephindwe kabili kanye nomnyango ogobile wamathrekhi. Iphinde inamaphaviliyoni amabili eceleni komgwaqo ahlangene endaweni yawo emaphakathi. Lesi sakhiwo sabahambi saklanywa ngu Pedro Muguruza, ophakamise umhlobiso osangulukile kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, yanikezwa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa lokhu Raymond Duran y i-pelayo martinez.

Ubukhulu besiteshi saseFrance buyamangalisa. Isakhiwo isonga amathrekhi ngomumo ongu-U nama-hangars esesibalulile ambozwe ngawo amamitha angu-195 ubude namamitha angu-29 ukuphakama. Futhi, indawo yokwamukela izivakashi eyinhloko ine izindlu ezintathu ezinkulu. Ngamafuphi, ingesinye seziteshi ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu eSpain.

Isiteshi saseZamora

I-Zamora iphinde igqame ngobukhulu bayo, njengoba i-façade enkulu inayo 90 amamitha ubude. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ingenye yeziteshi ezinhle kakhulu eSpain ngenxa yayo isitayela se-neoplateresque. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala ngo-1927, nakuba yayingeke ivulwe kwaze kwaba u-1958. UMarcelino Enriquez emhlabeni osendaweni yaseLas Viñas.

Kwasetshenziswa isakhiwo itshe legolide laseVillamayor, okube nesandla ekuyenzeni ibe yinhle nakakhulu. I-façade inezigaba ezintathu nezitezi eziningi, ezinemibhoshongo eyisikwele emine. Ngokunjalo nomdlali wasemuva ugqama ezimpikweni kwezakhe ithala eline-pediment engunxantathu ehlotshiswe ngamahawu amabili kanye newashi. enhle ukuqhuma Iphefumulelwe isigodlo saseMonterrey de Salamanca, iqeda ukuhlobisa. Futhi phansi kunamakhothamo e-Renaissance akha amagalari.

Isiteshi sase-Aranjuez

Cishe uyazi ukuthi ucingo Indawo Yasebukhosini yase-Aranjuez kuyisimangaliso esikhulu. Ongase ukwazi ukuthi ubucwebe bayo bezakhiwo buqala esiteshini sesitimela uqobo. Eqinisweni, idolobha elincane lalibalulekile ekuqaleni kwalezi zindlela zokuthutha endaweni yaseSpain.

Ujantshi wesitimela wesibili owakhiwa ezweni lakithi yiwo owaxhuma I-Madrid ne-Aranjuez. Ngaphambili, lowo oxhumene Barcelona with Mataro. Kodwa-ke, njengelukuluku lokufuna ukwazi, sizokutshela ukuthi isitimela sokuqala esasikhona phakathi kwesizwe saseSpain sakhiwe Cuba. Ngokuqondile, ixhume iHavana nedolobha laseGüines ngo-1837.

Kodwa, ukubuyela emuva Isiteshi sase-AranjuezAkukona mayelana nezakudala. Le ongayibona namuhla yakhiwa phakathi kuka-1922 no-1927 futhi, njengaleyo yaseToledo, isitayela se-neo-mudejar. Iqukethe i-nave ende engunxande phakathi nendawo yayo. Ingxenye engaphandle yalokhu yayihlotshiswe nge-gable yona ehlotshiswe ngamakhothamo amathathu namafasitela ezingilazi ezinemibala. Ngaphezu kwebhilidi kuphakama a iwashi umbhoshongo.

I-facade nayo ihlukile isitini esibomvu esidaluliwe eyasetshenziswa ukwakhiwa kwayo. Lalibekwe phezu kwesisekelo samatshe eside futhi lahlotshiswa ngalo tile. Nangaphakathi kukhona ama-mosaic ahlukahlukene zokuhlobisa adalwe Italian UMario Maragliano. Ngokwengxenye yabo, amapulatifomu ambozwe ngama-canopies asekelwe kumakholomu ensimbi.

Isiteshi saseConcordia

Siqeda ukuvakasha kwethu kweziteshi zesitimela ezinhle kakhulu eSpain kule ye Bilbao, okumangalisayo onamuhla. Yilona futhi elidala kunabo bonke esike sakubalula, njengoba lavulwa ngo-1902 ukuze lithole izitimela ezaziphuma. Santander. Umsebenzi wawungenxa kanjiniyela UValentin Gorbena kanye nomakhi Severino Achucarro.

Igqame kuyo i-façade yayo emaphakathi ihlotshiswe ngayo amathayili anemibala egqamile nezitsha zobumba eziphikisana nensimbi yokwakheka kwayo. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, izobamba ukunaka kwakho iwindi rose kusukela phezulu. Ngokuqondene nengxenye yayo yangaphakathi, yayo izihloko zensimbi ezikhandiweyo namakhothamo. Kodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, uzomangala nge- indawo yokulinda, ecushwe njenge umbono ngesikhungo esingokomlando sedolobha. Lokhu kuyivelakancane ekwakhiweni kukaloliwe futhi kwenza lesi siteshi esihle sibe yindawo eyingqayizivele.

Sengiphetha, sikubonise ezinye zefayili ye- iziteshi zesitimela amahle kakhulu eSpain. Kodwa, nakanjani, sishiye abanye besendleleni. Ngokwesibonelo, lokho kwe Atocha eMadrid, okwamanje enengadi yasezindaweni ezishisayo; lokho kwe I-Almería, nesitayela sayo sesiFulentshi namafasitela; lokho kwe UJerez de la Frontera, ehlanganisa i-Renaissance, i-Mudejar kanye nezakhi zesifunda, noma isiteshi esiphansi kunazo zonke UPuebla de Sanabriae Zamora, ngesitayela sakhe esithandwayo. Alinge ukuhlangana nabo.