Kunezindawo okufanele uzibone okungenani kanye empilweni yakho, futhi iColosseum eRoma ingenye yazo. Ubuciko bokwakha obulokhu bukhona iminyaka engaba yizinkulungwane ezimbili futhi bunomlando omude nothakazelisayo, ovezwa kumafilimu amaningi nakumadokhumentari, ngakho-ke ngokuqinisekile akuyona into engavamile. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqinisekile kunezinto eziningi obungazazi ngalesi sikhumbuzo sase-Italy.
Le Colosseum, eyaziwa nangokuthi iFlavian Amphitheater , yaqala ukwakhiwa ngo-70 AD ngaphansi kweVespasian, endaweni yechibi likaNero. Kunemibono eminingi ngesizathu sokwakhiwa kwayo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yayiyisikhumbuzo sokunqoba ngemva kokunqoba kwamaRoma, kodwa futhi nokuthi yayihloselwe ukubuyisela eRoma indawo uNero ayeyisebenzisele ukuhlala kwakhe, iDomus Aurea. Ungathanda yini ukufunda okwengeziwe ngeColosseum yamaRoma?
Umlando kanye nezifiso
Ukulandisa wonke umlando weColosseum kungathatha amahora amaningi, yize ngokuqinisekile kuyathakazelisa. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kwaqala phakathi kuka-70 no-72 AD, futhi igama layo lamanje livela kuColossus kaNero , isithombe esasimi eduze kodwa esingasekho. Yakhiwa kakhulu endaweni yeDomus Aurea, ngokugcwalisa ichibi likaNero ngesihlabathi. Yaqedwa ngaphansi kokubusa koMbusi uTitus ngo-80 AD. Kunamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngale Colosseum, ngakho-ke sizozama ukuthola amanye awo.
Le Colosseum yayinomthamo wabantu abangu-12.000 kanye nezihlalo ezingu-80. Ukubaluleka kwababukeli kwakunqunywa kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, lapho izakhamuzi zaseRoma ezicebile nezinamandla kakhulu, njengoMbusi, izigele, omantshi, nabapristi, zihleli esigabeni esingezansi. AmaRoma ampofu kakhulu, anesikhundla esiphansi kakhulu emphakathini, ayehlala esigabeni esiphezulu. Imibukiso eminingi yayiba ngaphakathi, edume kakhulu kwakuyizimpi zokulwa . Kwakukhona nezimpi zezilwane, ukubulawa kwabantu esidlangalaleni, ukulingisa impi, imidlalo esekelwe ezinganekwaneni zakudala, kanye ne-naumachiae, okwakuyizimpi zempi mbumbulu. Kukholakala ukuthi ezinsukwini zayo zokuqala, ingxenye engezansi yayigcwele amanzi alezi zimpi.
Le Colosseum yavulwa ngo-80 AD futhi yayiyi-amphitheater enkulu kunazo zonke, enomkhosi othatha izinsuku eziyi-100. Imidlalo yokugcina eyabanjelwa lapho yaze yaba ngekhulu lesi-6, ngemva kakhulu kosuku olubhekwa njengophawu lokuphela koMbuso WaseRoma. Kamuva, lesi sakhiwo sasebenza ngezinjongo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa nendawo yokukhosela, ifektri, kanye ne-quarry. Ekugcineni sasetshenziswa njengendawo engcwele yamaKristu, okuyiyona ndlela esasinda ngayo kuze kube namuhla, njengoba amatshe ayo amaningi ayesetshenziswa ukwakha izakhiwo ezintsha edolobheni. Njengamanje, isilungisiwe kancane, futhi uphahla lwezinkuni olwalumboze inkundla alusekho, ngakho ingxenye engezansi iyabonakala. Noma kunjalo, luhlala ngomunye wemisebenzi emikhulu yalo mbuso owanyamalala.
Isakhiwo seColosseum
Isakhiwo sale ndawo yemidlalo sasisha ngokuphelele, njengoba sasisikhulu kunazo zonke ezake zakhiwa. Ngaphakathi kwakukhona inkundla yemidlalo kanye ne-hypogeum . Inkundla yayiyindawo yokudlala, i-oval enepulatifomu yokhuni embozwe ngesihlabathi, lapho kwakwenzeka khona imibukiso. I-hypogeum kwakuyindawo engaphansi komhlaba enemihubhe kanye nemigodi lapho abalwi, iziboshwa ezilahliwe, kanye nezilwane babegcinwa khona baze bangene enkundleni. Le ndawo yayinesistimu yokukhipha amanzi enhle kakhulu, mhlawumbe ngemva kwezimpi zasemanzini (naumachiae). Umgede kwakuyindawo yokuhlala, kanye nenkundla lapho kwakubekwa khona izithombe ezidumile kakhulu.
Enye ingxenye emangazayo nanamuhla yizinto ezibizwa ngokuthi yi-vomitories, okuyizindawo zokuphuma lapho amaphaseji afinyelelwe khona ukuphuma eColosseum. Bavumele inani elikhulu labantu ukuba lihambe ngesikhathi esifushane, ukuze abantu abangaba ngu-50.000 XNUMX bakhishwe ngemizuzu engaba mihlanu. Izinkundla eziningi namuhla azikwazanga ukufanisa le misebenzi nokusebenza kwayo okuhle.
Ngaphandle, sithola i -facade enezitezi ezine ezibekwe phezulu, ezinamakholomu nama-arches, kanye nengxenye ephezulu evalekile. Lokhu kunikeza i-amphitheater ukubukeka okukhanyayo kakhulu. Izinga ngalinye libonisa isitayela sokwakha esihlukile, isici esivamile ezakhiweni eziningi zaleso sikhathi. Zisebenzisa izitayela zaseTuscan, i-Ionic, kanye nezamaCorinthian, kanti phezulu, isitayela esaziwa ngokuthi i-Composite.
I-canopy ingenye ingxenye engasekho; kwakuyisembozo sendwangu esasetshenziswa ukuvikela umphakathi elangeni. Kwasetshenziswa izinti zokhuni nezindwangu, ekuqaleni kwakusetshenziswa indwangu yesayili, kamuva kwasetshenziswa ilineni, elalilula kakhulu. Kwakukhona izinti ezingu-250 ezazingasetshenziswa ngokwehlukana ukumboza izindawo ezithile kuphela uma kudingeka.
IColosseum namuhla
Namuhla, iColosseum yamaRoma ingenye yezindawo ezikhangayo ezinkulu edolobheni lase-Italy. Ngo-1980 yamenyezelwa njengeNdawo Yefa Lomhlaba ye-UNESCO, kwathi ngoJulayi 2007 yaqanjwa ngokuthi ingenye yezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa ezintsha zezwe lanamuhla.
Le ndawo yokuheha abantu okwamanje idinga imali yokungena, futhi ukuze uyibone, kungcono ukufika kusenesikhathi ukuze uthole ithikithi ngokushesha okukhulu. Ivula ngo-8:30 ekuseni nsuku zonke, futhi amathikithi abantu abadala abiza u-€12. Enye indlela yokuthola ithikithi ukusebenzisa i-Roma Pass , ikhadi elinikeza izaphulelo ezindaweni ezahlukene ezikhangayo nezikhumbuzo edolobheni, okukuvumela ukuthi weqe imigqa.
Uhambo oluqondiswayo luyatholakala ngaphakathi kweColosseum, futhi esitezi esiphezulu kukhona imyuziyamu enikezelwe kunkulunkulu wamaGreki u-Eros . Esinye isenzakalo esihlotshaniswa neColosseum udwendwe lukaPapa lweSiteshi Sesiphambano ngoLwesihlanu Oluhle minyaka yonke.