Ukuvakashela i-Abu Simbel complex eningizimu yeGibhithe kuwuhambo okufanele ulwenze uma uvakasha kuleli zwe. Kuyisikhumbuzo esamiswa yiRamses II futhi sigcinwe kahle kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi sitholakala endaweni ekude, izinkambo zivame ukuhlelwa ngqo ukuze zivakashelwe.
Uma uhlela uhambo oluya eGibhithe, ungase ufune ukufunda okwengeziwe ngala mathempeli asendulo. Kunezinto ezithile ezithakazelisayo ongazithola. Sizokutshela nokuthi ungafika kanjani lapho nokuthi zinjani izinkambo eziya kuleli thempeli—into okumele wonke umuntu ayibone.
Umlando ka-Abu Simbel
Lawa mathempeli asendulo aqoshwa ngqo edwaleni ngekhulu le-13 BC , ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaRamses II. Lesi sikhumbuzo sinikezelwe kumkaFaro, uNefertari, ukukhombisa amandla akhe kubantu baseNubian. IThempeli Elikhulu lalinikezelwe nasekukhulekeleni onkulunkulu, okuhlanganisa noRamses ngokwakhe (njengoba oFaro babezibheka njengonkulunkulu), u-Amun, uRa, noPtah. URamses ngokwakhe uboniswa kanye nalaba onkulunkulu abathathu. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwa ukuze kukhunjulwe iMpi yaseKadeshi ngokumelene namaHeti, azigqaja ngokuwina kwayo. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amaHeti azigqaja ngokunqoba okufanayo emathempelini awo. Umphumela waba isivumelwano sokuthula phakathi kwalaba ababili. Ukwakhiwa kwaleli thempeli elimangalisayo kwaqala ngo-1284 BC futhi kwaqedwa eminyakeni engama-20 kamuva.
Leli thempeli liyi-hypogeum , ithempeli lomngcwabo eliqoshwe edwaleni noma ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Lingenye yeziyisithupha ezitholakala esifundeni saseNubian. Njengawo wonke amathempeli nezakhiwo, laphinde lafeza izinjongo zezepolitiki, njengoba lalifuna ukuhlaba umxhwele amaNubian futhi libaqinisekise ngokubaluleka kwenkolo yaseGibhithe.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sikhumbuzo salibaleka, futhi isihlabathi samboza kancane kancane izithombe. Sahlala silahlekile ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba yikhulu le-19, lapho isazi sezinto zakudala saseSwitzerland uJohann Ludwig Burckhardt esithola kabusha . Ngekhulu lama-20, kwaqala umzamo omkhulu wokusindisa izikhumbuzo kulesi sifunda ezazisengozini yokucwiliswa ukwakhiwa kweDamu lase-Aswan. Lawa mathempeli adilizwa aba amabhlogo, athuthwa ngalinye ngalinye endaweni entsha, amamitha angu-200 ukusuka emfuleni futhi amamitha angaba ngu-65 ukuphakama. Lesi yisikhumbuzo esisaziyo namuhla, yize singekho endaweni yaso yokuqala. Kwakuyiphrojekthi enkulu yobunjiniyela eyahlanganisa ochwepheshe abavela emhlabeni wonke abasebenza ngaphansi kwe-UNESCO.
Ungafika kanjani ku-Abu Simbel
Indawo yemivubukulo yase-Abu Simbel itholakala eningizimu yeGibhithe, ogwini olusentshonalanga lweLake Nasser, amakhilomitha angu-230 ukusuka edolobheni lase-Aswan. Uma uya eGibhithe, uzothola imikhumbi eminingi yokuvakasha eya e-Aswan, idlula eduze kwedamu. Lezi zinkambo zokuvakasha ziyindlela evame kakhulu yokufika e-Abu Simbel. Zisuka e-Aswan kusenesikhathi ukuze zifike ngaphambi kokushisa kosuku. Uhambo lwenziwa ngebhasi. Ngokuvamile, uhambo luhlanganisa ukuhlala ubusuku bonke ezindaweni zokungcebeleka eziseduze nendawo.
Yini ongayibona ku-Abu Simbel
Ngaphakathi kwalesi sakhiwo esikhulu kunamathempeli amabili ahlukene. Elinye linikezelwe konkulunkulu ababehlonishwa ngaleso sikhathi, kanye noRamses II, naye owayebhekwa njengonkulunkulu. Leli thempeli, elaziwa ngokuthi iThempeli Elikhulu, linobuso obungamamitha angu-33 ukuphakama kanye namamitha angu-38 ububanzi. Izithombe zimbonisa ehleli ezihlalweni zobukhosi. Ezinyaweni zalezi zithombe kukhona ezinye izithombe ezimele uNefertari, umkaFaro, unina wendlovukazi, nezingane zabo. Ngaphakathi, ithempeli linamakamelo aphansi ukuphakama, aphetha endaweni engcwele phezulu.
Eduze kweThempeli Elikhulu kukhona iThempeli Elincane elinikezelwe kuNefertari , umkaFaro oyintandokazi. Ingaphambili lalo linezithombe eziyisithupha ezimile: ezine zikaRamses nezimbili zikaNefertari. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lezi zithombe ziphakeme ngokulinganayo, isici esingavamile njengoba abafazi babevame ukuboniswa bebancane. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulu kukaNefertari kuRamses II. Leli futhi ithempeli lesibili uFaro alinikezela kumkakhe. Elokuqala lanikezelwa ngu-Akhenaten kuNefertiti.
Izintshisakalo zethempeli
IThempeli Elikhulu lakhiwa endaweni ekhethekile. Ilanga lalibaluleke kakhulu koFaro. Yingakho kabili ngonyaka ilanga likhanya ngqo ehholo elikhulu, likhanyise izithombe zikaRamses, uRa, no-Amun. Lokhu kwenzeka mhla zingama-21 kuNhlolanja nangomhla ziyi-19 kuMfumfu, okuhambisana nosuku lokuzalwa lukaFaro kanye nokugcotshwa kwakhe. Nokho, unkulunkulu uPtah uhlala emthunzini, njengoba engunkulunkulu ohlotshaniswa nomhlaba wangaphansi.