Zingaki izintaba-mlilo ezikhona e-Canary Islands?

Ukuze sikutshele ukuthi zingaki izintaba-mlilo eziQhingini zaseCanary, kumele sihlole umlando wangaphambi komlando weplanethi yethu. Ngoba inani lalezi zakhiwo ze-geological lihlobene eduze nomsuka walesi siqhingi.

Kunoma ikuphi, iziQhingi zaseCanary zinezintaba-mlilo eseziphelile kanye nezinye ezisasebenza . Okusho ukuthi, ziyaqhuma ngezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo esihle salokhu ukuqhuma kwamuva nje nokubuhlungu kweCumbre Vieja , okwabangela umonakalo omkhulu esiqhingini saseLa Palma . Ngakho-ke, ake sihlole umlando wezintaba-mlilo zalesi siqhingi ngaphambi kokukutshela ukuthi zingaki izintaba-mlilo eziQhingini zaseCanary.

Umlando wentabamlilo eziqhingini zaseCanary

Into yokuqala okufanele siyisho ngomlando walesi siqhingi saseSpain ukuthi siyinto engavamile ngokwendawo . Ngokuvamile, izintaba-mlilo zakheka emaphethelweni amapuleti e-tectonic. Isibonelo, elinye iqembu leziqhingi ezinezintaba-mlilo eziningi kanye nomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba, njengeJapane , litholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amapuleti amahlanu amakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zingqubuzana zishayisana, okwenza kubonakale izintaba ezinkulu. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, enye yazo iyacwila ibangele ukuba i-magma efudumele iphume phakathi komhlaba.

Kodwa-ke, iziQhingi zaseCanary azikho onqenqemeni lwanoma yiliphi ipuleti le-tectonic, kodwa ziphakathi nepuleti lase-Afrika . Noma kunjalo, iziqhingi zazo zakhiwa ngqo ngokukhuphuka kwe-magma kulelo puleti futhi ziyaqhubeka nokuba nezintaba-mlilo eziningi ezisebenzayo. Ukuze bachaze lokhu okungajwayelekile, ochwepheshe baphakamise inkolelo-mbono ye-hotspot.

Lo mbono uthi ngaphakathi kweplanethi lapho iziQhingi zaseCanary zitholakala khona, kukhona i- thermal anomaly (indawo eshisayo) ebangela ukuthi i-magma ikhuphukele kwi- lithosphere , noma ungqimba olungaphandle loMhlaba. Uma ikwazi ukuphula i-lithosphere futhi ifinyelele phezulu, yakha isakhiwo sentaba-mlilo esingabonakala njengentaba-mlilo engaphansi kwamanzi noma engaphansi komhlaba, noma ngisho nesiqhingi sonke.

Ngokwalo mbono, eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingamashumi amabili edlule, i-African Plate yayidlula kule ndawo eshisayo phakathi noLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Lapho iphuka, yabangela ukuba i-magma ikhuphukele phezulu. Futhi, njengoba i-plate ihlala inyakaza, lokhu kuxoshwa kwaholela eziqhingini ezahlukene ze-Canary archipelago. Kwaqala kwafika i-Fuerteventura , endala kunazo zonke eneminyaka elinganiselwa ku-23 million. Kwabe sekubonakala i-Lanzarote , eneminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyishumi nanhlanu ubudala, yalandelwa yibo bonke abanye. Abancane kunabo bonke yi -La Palma , eneminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-1,7 ubudala, kanye ne -El Hierro , eneminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-1,1 ubudala kuphela.

Amaphutha angenzeka we-hot spot theory

Ithiyori ye-hotspot ichaza ngokwengxenye imvelaphi yeziQhingi zaseCanary, kodwa inezici ezingelona iqiniso. Isibonelo, ngokwalo mbono, i-magma iphakama ngokufanayo , okusho ukuthi iziqhingi ezahlukene kanye nezintaba-mlilo zazo zilandelana ngokulandelana okunengqondo. Ngamanye amazwi, iziqhingi ezindala kakhulu kufanele zibe nezintaba-mlilo eziphelile, kanti ezisebenzayo kufanele zibe kwezincane.

Kodwa eziQhingini zaseCanary, akunjalo. Ngisho neziqhingi ezindala kakhulu zinezintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo. Ukuze banqobe lokhu kuphikisa, izazi ze-geology zikhomba ukusondela kwe- African Craton , etholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha ayi-100 ukusuka esiqhingini. Kuyinqwaba enkulu yalelo zwekazi elihlale lizinzile futhi liqinile isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, selipholile ngokuphelele.

Lo mehluko phakathi kokubanda nokushisa kwe-magma ngaphansi kweziQhingi zaseCanary wabangela ukuthi i-magma ivele ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi isuke kwenye indawo iye kwenye . Konke lokhu kungachaza ukuntuleka kokufana ekwakhekeni kweziqhingi eziqhingini zethu nasezintabeni zazo.

Njengoba usubonile, iyindaba ethokozisayo. Kodwa, uma sesikuchazile, sizokhuluma ngokuthi zingaki izintaba-mlilo ezikhona eCanary Islands ukuze sigxile kwezidume kakhulu.

Zingaki izintaba-mlilo ezikhona eCanary Islands futhi yiziphi ezidume kakhulu?

Sekuyisikhathi sokukutshela ukuthi iziqhingi zaseCanary Islands zinezintaba -mlilo ezingamashumi amathathu nantathu sezizonke . Zisakazeke phakathi kweziqhingi kanje: ITenerife ineziningi kakhulu ezinezingu-11, kulandele iLa Palma neGran Canaria ezinezingu-10 ngasinye, iFuerteventura ineziyisithupha, iLanzarote ezinhlanu, kanye ne-El Hierro eyodwa.

Cishe uzomangala ngenani lezintaba-mlilo eLanzarote , njengoba kubhekwa njengesiqhingi sezintaba-mlilo esiyingqayizivele esineTimanfaya National Park yaso , kodwa sinezinhlanu kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda izindlela ochwepheshe abazisebenzisayo ukuhlukanisa umsebenzi wentaba-mlilo.

Intaba-mlilo ibhekwa njengengasekho uma ingaqhumanga okungenani iminyaka eyi-15,000. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ibhekwa njengesebenzayo uma ibilokhu inokuqhuma kwamuva nje. Kodwa-ke, uma ingazange ibonise noma yimuphi umsebenzi iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, ibhekwa njengengasebenzi . Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingaphinde isebenze nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa manje njengoba sikunike inani lezintaba-mlilo eziQhingini zaseCanary, ake sikubonise ezidumile kakhulu.

U-El Teide eTenerife

Nakuba abantu abaningi bazi ukuthi iNtaba iTeide iyintaba -mlilo ephakeme kunazo zonke eSpain , akubona bonke abantu abaziyo ukuthi iyintaba-mlilo, futhi iyasebenza. Eqinisweni, ngamamitha angu-3715 ngaphezu kolwandle, ingeyesithathu ukuphakama emhlabeni. Idlulwa yiMauna Kea ngamamitha angu-4207 kanye neMauna Loa ngamamitha angu-4169, zombili eziqhingini zaseHawaii.

Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukuqhuma kwayo kokugcina kwenzeka phakathi kwekhulu lesi-7 nele-10 AD. Ama-lava amnyama amboze ikhoni yawo asukela ngaleso sikhathi. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuthi iyisikhumbuzo semvelo esiyinhloko seTeide National Park , iNdawo Yefa Lomhlaba ye-UNESCO . Kanye nePico Viejo , zakha i-stratovolcano enkulu yohlobo lweVesuvian.

Naphezu kwegama layo, iPico Viejo empeleni yaqhuma muva nje. Kwakungo-1798, futhi yadala okuthiwa yiNarices del Teide ( Amakhala kaTeide), angabonakala esiqongweni sayo. Eqinisweni, isakhipha ama-fumarole noma umhwamuko njalo.

Ekugcineni, njengendaba ethakazelisayo, sizokutshela ngesimo somthunzi weNtaba iTeide . Kuthiwa le ntaba iveza isithunzi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni phezu kolwandle. Ngempela, imboza ingxenye yesiqhingi saseGran Canaria ekushoneni kwelanga kanye neLa Gomera entathakusa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isithunzi singunxantathu ngokuphelele, kanti intaba ngokwayo ayinakho ukunemba okunjalo kwejometri.

Intaba yaseTindaya eFuerteventura

Okubaluleke njengokwazi ukuthi zingaki izintaba-mlilo eziQhingini zaseCanary ukufunda okuncane ngomlando wazo. Ngakho-ke, sizokutshela ngale ntaba-mlilo, uphawu olubalulekile lweFuerteventura futhi olubaluleke kakhulu kulo lonke isiqhingi. ITindaya ingamamitha angu-400 kuphela ukuphakama ngaphezu kolwandle, kodwa yayibhekwa njengengcwele ngamaMajo , izakhamuzi zokuqala zaseFuerteventura.

Eqinisweni, uma uvakashela, uzobona izithombe eziningi zamatshe ezenziwe ngabantu bendawo. Kubonakala sengathi abantu bomdabu basebenzisa isiqongo saso njengethempeli elivulekile lapho babekhulekela khona izinkanyezi futhi becela imvula yezitshalo zabo. Lezi zithombe zenziwe njengezinyawo futhi azihlakazekile ngokungahleliwe, kodwa zihlelwe ngokwephethini. Eziningi zikhomba kwezinye izintaba eziqhingini, njengeTeide uqobo noma iPico de las Nieves eGran Canaria.

I-Teneguía eLa Palma

Le ntaba-mlilo itholakala ngaphakathi komasipala waseFuencaliente , osesiqhingini saseLa Palma . Yintaba esanda kuvela, amagquma ayo akheke ngokuqhuma komlilo ngo-1971. Igama layo livela eRoque de Teneguía eseduze , nayo eyavela ekugelezeni kwe-lava, lena eyenzeka ngo-1677.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungabona nemidwebo eqoshiwe kanye nemidwebo eyenziwe ngabantu bomdabu balesi siqhingi, okukholelwa ukuthi nabo bayiqambe ngokuthi. Ngokusho kwezazi, iTeneguía isho "umusi oshisayo noma intuthu." Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwentaba-mlilo kungamamitha angu-431 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ukuqhuma okwayidala kwakungeyona enye yezinkulu kunazo zonke ezenzeke eziQhingini zaseCanary. Noma kunjalo, kwakhipha ama-cubic metres ayizigidi ezingamashumi amane e-lava eyayigeleza cishe ngamakhilomitha ayikhulu namashumi amabili ngehora.

I-Timanfaya eLanzarote

Intaba-mlilo eqamba igama layo ngokuthi ipaki edumile yaseLanzarote yayiyindawo lapho kwaqhuma khona ukuqhuma okukhulu kweziqhingi ezikhathini zanamuhla. Kwenzeka ngoSepthemba 1730 futhi kwashintsha ngokuphelele indawo yesiqhingi. Eqinisweni, i-lava yamboza amaphesenti angu-25 endawo yayo futhi yangcwaba amadolobha ayisishiyagalolunye.

Izakhamuzi eziningi kwadingeka zithuthe ngenxa yendlala eyabangela lokho. Kodwa, ngokumangalisayo, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, izwe lavunda kakhulu. Kunoma ikuphi, lena akuyona yodwa intaba-mlilo epaki kazwelonke, enezingu -25 ezisasebenza . Ukuze uzibonele, mane usakaze utshani phansi. Uzoyibona ivutha. Njengoba ijule ngamamitha ayishumi nje kuphela, amazinga okushisa afinyelela kuma -degree Celsius angamakhulu ayisithupha.

Ekuphetheni, sikutshelile ngenani lezintaba-mlilo eziQhingini zaseCanary . Sikutshengisile nezinye ezidumile kakhulu. Vele, singasho ezinye eziningi. Isibonelo, iCaldera de Bandama eGran Canaria, iMontaña del Cuervo eLanzarote, noma iCaldera de Taburiente eLa Palma. Kodwa-ke, mhlawumbe engavamile kakhulu yiTagoro , e- El Hierro , njengoba icwiliswe olwandle. Ngeshwa, yaqhuma eminyakeni embalwa edlule.